Evidence map›Paper›PMID 18809929›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2008

Adaptive changes in the transcription factor HoxA-11 are essential for the evolution of pregnancy in mammals.

Vincent J Lynch, Andrea Tanzer, Yajun Wang, Frederick C Leung, Birgit Gellersen, Deena Emera, Gunter P Wagner

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
50citing papers in PubMed
3.9field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

50 citing papers in PubMed, 102 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. The molecular evolution of vertebrate organs.Nature ecology & evolution · 2026
    Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. WT1 directs normal progesterone receptor-chromatin binding essential for uterine receptivity at peri-implantation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
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  10. Mammalian-specific ectodermal enhancers control the expression ofProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Gene Regulation and Speciation.Trends in genetics : TIG · 2017
    Review
  18. The origin and evolution of cell types.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2016
    Review
  19. Control of Hoxd gene transcription in the mammary bud by hijacking a preexisting regulatory landscape.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2016
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.

Vincent J LynchDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA. vincent.j.lynch@yale.edu
Andrea Tanzer
Yajun Wang
Frederick C Leung
Birgit Gellersen
Deena Emera
Gunter P Wagner
Yale University · USEndokrinologikum · DEHong Kong University of Science and Technology · HKUniversity of Hong Kong · HK

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Evolutionary change in gene regulation can result from changes in cis-regulatory elements, leading to differences in the temporal and spatial expression of genes or in the coding region of transcription factors leading to novel functions or both. Although there is a growing body of evidence supporting the importance of cis-regulatory evolution, examples of protein-mediated evolution of novel developmental pathways have not been demonstrated. Here, we investigate the evolution of prolactin (PRL) expression in endometrial cells, which is essential for placentation/pregnancy in eutherian mammals and is a direct regulatory target of the transcription factor HoxA-11. Here, we show that (i) endometrial PRL expression is a derived feature of placental mammals, (ii) the PRL regulatory gene HoxA-11 experienced a period of strong positive selection in the stem-lineage of eutherian mammals, and (iii) only HoxA-11 proteins from placental mammals, including the reconstructed ancestral eutherian gene, are able to up-regulate PRL from the promoter used in endometrial cells. In contrast, HoxA-11 from the reconstructed therian ancestor, opossum, platypus, and chicken are unable to up-regulate PRL expression. These results demonstrate that the evolution of novel gene expression domains is not only mediated by the evolution of cis-regulatory elements but can also require evolutionary changes of transcription factor proteins themselves.

Indexed as

Evolution, MolecularGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsChickensElephantsEndometriumFemaleHomeodomain ProteinsHumansMiceMolecular Sequence DataOpossumsPlacentaPregnancyProlactinHomeodomain ProteinsHOXA11 protein, humanProlactin

Identifiers

PMID18809929
PMCPMC2567470
OpenAlexW2047318782

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.