ReviewNeuroscience2009
Toll-like receptor signaling in endogenous neuroprotection and stroke.
Review in Neuroscience, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 135 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
135 citing papers in PubMed, 253 citations in OpenAlex.
- Insights into the pathophysiology of stroke-heart syndrome: a review of recent literature and clinical trials to illuminate promising therapeutic strategies.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- The Toll-like receptor 1/2 ligand Pam3Cys inhibits memory impairment after traumatic brain injury in male and female rats.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Heat shock suppresses the innate immune response of bovine endometrial epithelial cells.Reproduction & fertility · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of Action of Propofol in Modulating Microglial Activation in Ischemic Stroke.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Exosomes and non-coding RNAs in the regulation of neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke: mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Plasma NOTCH3 and the risk of cardiovascular recurrence in patients with ischemic stroke.QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians · 2024Article
- Molecular Targeting of Ischemic Stroke: The Promise of Naïve and Engineered Extracellular Vesicles.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Insight into the pathophysiological advances and molecular mechanisms underlying cerebral stroke: current status.Molecular biology reports · 2024Review
- Research hotspots and frontiers of preconditioning in cerebral ischemia: A bibliometric analysis.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Brain-Heart Axis and the Inflammatory Response: Connecting Stroke and Cardiac Dysfunction.Cardiology · 2024Review
- Naïve Huntington's disease microglia mount a normal response to inflammatory stimuli but display a partially impaired development of innate immune tolerance that can be counteracted by ganglioside GM1.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- Identification of immune and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway related feature lncRNAs to construct diagnostic nomograms for acute ischemic stroke.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related cardiac injury: Focus on cardiac cell death.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
- Microglia: Key Players in Retinal Ageing and Neurodegeneration.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Review
- Retinal Neurovascular Changes in Patients With Ischemic Stroke Investigated by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Gut Brain Axis: The Disruption of an Alliance.Reviews on recent clinical trials · 2022Review
- Ischemic Preconditioning Modulates the Peripheral Innate Immune System to Promote Anti-Inflammatory and Protective Responses in Mice Subjected to Focal Cerebral Ischemia.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Inflammatory Response and Immune Regulation in Brain-Heart Interaction after Stroke.Cardiovascular therapeutics · 2022Review
- Propofol ameliorates ischemic brain injury by blocking TLR4 pathway in mice.Translational neuroscience · 2022Article
- Influence of the gut microbiome on inflammatory and immune response after stroke.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2021Review
75 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Stroke and other cerebral vascular diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Despite intensive research to identify interventions that lessen cerebrovascular injury, no major therapies exist. Development of stroke prophylaxis involves an understanding of the mechanisms of damage following cerebral ischemia, and elucidation of the endogenous mechanisms that combat further brain injury. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are critical components of the innate immune system that have been shown recently to mediate ischemic injury. Paradoxically, TLR ligands administered systemically induce a state of tolerance to subsequent ischemic injury. Herein we suggest that stimulation of TLRs prior to ischemia reprograms TLR signaling that occurs following ischemic injury. Such reprogramming leads to suppressed expression of pro-inflammatory molecules and enhanced expression of numerous anti-inflammatory mediators that collectively confer robust neuroprotection. Our findings indicate that numerous preconditioning stimuli lead to TLR activation, an event that occurs prior to ischemia and ultimately leads to TLR reprogramming. Thus genomic reprogramming of TLR signaling may be a unifying principle of tolerance to cerebral ischemia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.