ReviewRetrovirology2008
HIV-1 Nef: at the crossroads.
Review in Retrovirology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 109 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
109 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 209 citations in OpenAlex.
- HIV Genome-Wide Protein Associations: a Review of 30 Years of Research.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2016Pooled it
- Dual Functionality of miRNAs During HIV Infection: From Viral Genome Suppression to Immune Response Modulation.Epigenomes · 2026Review
- Beyond reverse transcription: molecular mechanisms and emerging paradigms in retroviral replication.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Molecular assessment of the HIV pol gene and use of computational vaccine design targeting Pakistani isolates.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Immunoinformatic Prediction of HIV-1 Glycoprotein gp120 and Nef Epitopes Conjugated to HBsAg-Binding Protein (SBP) to Induce the Humoral and Cellular Immune Response.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Molecular analysis of multiple HIV-1 BC recombinant strains circulating worldwide shows predominance of the C genotype in the viral genomic structure.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2025Article
- HIV-1 Nef activates proviral DNA transcription by recruiting Src kinase to phosphorylate host protein Nef-associated factor 1 to compromise its viral restrictive function.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Small but Mighty: Nanobodies in the Fight Against Infectious Diseases.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Nef defect attenuates HIV viremia and immune dysregulation in the bone marrow-liver-thymus-spleen (BLTS) humanized mouse model.Virology · 2024Article
- Navigating the Nexus: HIV and Breast Cancer-A Critical Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Human transferrin receptor can mediate SARS-CoV-2 infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Heterologous DNA Prime/Protein Boost Immunization Targeting Nef-Tat Fusion Antigen Induces Potent T-cell Activity andCurrent HIV research · 2024Article
- Phylogenetic Reconstruction and Functional Characterization of the Ancestral Nef Protein of Primate Lentiviruses.Molecular biology and evolution · 2023Article
- MRF: a tool to overcome the barrier of inconsistent genome annotations and perform comparative genomics studies for the largest animal DNA virus.Virology journal · 2023Article
- Cardiovascular Disease and Thrombosis in HIV Infection.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2023Review
- Nef Suppresses LINE-1 Retrotransposition through Two Distinct Mechanisms.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Inhibitors of HIV-1 Nef-Mediated Activation of the Myeloid Src-Family Kinase Hck Block HIV-1 Replication in Macrophages and Disrupt MHC-I Downregulation.ACS infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Visualization of Host Cell Kinase Activation by Viral Proteins Using GFP Fluorescence Complementation and Immunofluorescence Microscopy.Bio-protocol · 2021Article
- Endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy in HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders.Journal of neurovirology · 2020Review
- HIV-1 Nef dimers short-circuit immune receptor signaling by activating Tec-family kinases at the host cell membrane.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2020Article
49 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The development of anti-virals has blunted the AIDS epidemic in the Western world but globally the epidemic has not been curtailed. Standard vaccines have not worked, and attenuated vaccines are not being developed because of safety concerns. Interest in attenuated vaccines has centered on isolated cases of patients infected with HIV-1 containing a deleted nef gene. Nef is a multifunctional accessory protein that is necessary for full HIV-1 virulence. Unfortunately, some patients infected with the nef-deleted virus eventually lose their CD4+ T cells to levels indicating progression to AIDS. This renders the possibility of an attenuated HIV-1 based solely on a deleted nef remote. In this review we discuss the knowledge gained both from the study of these patients and from in vitro investigations of Nef function to assess the possibility of developing new anti-HIV-1 drugs based on Nef. Specifically, we consider CD4 downregulation, major histocompatibility complex I downregulation, Pak2 activation, and enhancement of virion infectivity. We also consider the recent proposal that simian immunodeficiency viruses are non-pathogenic in their hosts because they have Nefs that downregulate CD3, but HIV-1 is pathogenic because its Nef fails to downregulate CD3. The possibility of incorporating the CD3 downregulation function into HIV-1 Nef as a therapeutic option is also considered. Finally, we conclude that inhibiting the CD4 downregulation function is the most promising Nef-targeted approach for developing a new anti-viral as a contribution to combating AIDS.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.