ArticleGlia2009
NOD2 plays an important role in the inflammatory responses of microglia and astrocytes to bacterial CNS pathogens.
Article in Glia, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Neuronal Damage and Neuroinflammation, a Bridge Between Bacterial Meningitis and Neurodegenerative Diseases.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2021Article
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- Phagocytosis by Peripheral Glia: Importance for Nervous System Functions and Implications in Injury and Disease.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- Evolutionary Significance of the Neuroendocrine Stress Axis on Vertebrate Immunity and the Influence of the Microbiome on Early-Life Stress Regulation and Health Outcomes.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
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- Retinoic acid inducible gene-I mediated detection of bacterial nucleic acids in human microglial cells.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2020Article
- Astroglia in Sepsis Associated Encephalopathy.Neurochemical research · 2020Review
- Cytosolic DNA Sensors and CNS Responses to Viral Pathogens.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- Acute Bacterial Meningitis: Challenges to Better Antibiotic Therapy.ACS infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Parkinson's Disease.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2019Review
- General Pathophysiology of Astroglia.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2019Review
- Immunity Against Bacterial Infection of the Central Nervous System: An Astrocyte Perspective.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
While glial cells are recognized for their roles in maintaining neuronal function, there is growing appreciation that resident central nervous system (CNS) cells initiate and/or augment inflammation following trauma or infection. We have recently demonstrated that microglia and astrocytes constitutively express nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-2 (NOD2), a member of the novel nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat region containing a family of proteins (NLR) that functions as an intracellular receptor for a minimal motif present in all bacterial peptidoglycans. In this study, we have confirmed the functional nature of NOD2 expression in astrocytes and microglia and begun to determine the relative contribution that this NLR makes in inflammatory CNS responses to clinically relevant bacterial pathogens. We demonstrate the increased association of NOD2 with its downstream effector molecule, Rip2 kinase, in primary cultures of murine microglia and astrocytes following exposure to bacterial antigens. We show that this cytosolic receptor underlies the ability of muramyl dipeptide to augment the production of inflammatory cytokines by glia following exposure to specific ligands for disparate Toll-like receptor homologues. In addition, we demonstrate that NOD2 is an important component in the in vitro inflammatory responses of resident glia to N. meningitidis and B. burgdorferi antigens. Finally, we have established that NOD2 is required, at least in part, for the astrogliosis, demyelination, behavioral changes, and elevated inflammatory cytokine levels observed following in vivo infection with these pathogens. As such, we have identified NOD2 as an important component in the generation of damaging CNS inflammation following bacterial infection.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.