ArticlePathology oncology research : POR2009
Heterogeneity of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expression in prostate carcinoma with distant metastasis.
Article in Pathology oncology research : POR, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 195 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
195 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 382 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of [Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Detection rate of gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPr) targeted tracers for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in primary prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of nuclear medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Effect ofFrontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Joint EANM/SNMMI procedure guideline for the use ofEuropean journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2023Guideline
- PSMA PET/CT: joint EANM procedure guideline/SNMMI procedure standard for prostate cancer imaging 2.0.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2023Guideline
- Detection of Prostate Cancer Metastases During Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection with the PSMA-Targeted Fluorescent Agent OTL78: A Phase II Study.Molecular imaging and biology · 2025Trial
- Pharmacokinetics and dosimetry of [Annals of nuclear medicine · 2025Trial
- [Molecular imaging and biology · 2025Trial
- Trial
- SUVMolecular imaging and biology · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Phase II study of Lutetium-177-labeled anti-prostate-specific membrane antigen monoclonal antibody J591 for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2013Trial
- Circulating tumor cells from prostate cancer patients interact with E-selectin under physiologic blood flow.PloS one · 2013Trial
- Oligometastatic prostate cancer - bridging the gap between localized and metastatic disease.Nature reviews. Urology · 2026Review
- Non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in the epoch of PSMA-ligand PET/CT: twilight?Annals of nuclear medicine · 2026Review
- Development of PSMA-Targeted Liposomal Zinc for Prostate Cancer Therapy.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A Preclinical Study of a PSMA Ligand-Based Dual-Modality Probe for Radical Prostatectomy.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Comparative evaluation of [¹⁸F]FAPI-42 and [¹⁸F]PSMA-1007 PET/CT for lesion detection and uptake in prostate cancer across disease stages.EJNMMI research · 2026Article
- Distinct prognostic value of [Communications medicine · 2026Article
135 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a transmembrane protein that is overexpressed in advanced stage prostate adenocarcinomas. As a novel target for in vivo prognostic and therapeutic approaches, the distribution pattern of PSMA in primary and metastatic tumors is of significant interest. In this study we addressed the cellular distribution and heterogeneity of PSMA expression. Paraffin-embedded sections of 51 patients with primary prostate carcinoma and distant metastases were evaluated. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the cellular localization, staining intensity and positive cell fraction which were related to tumor type and growth pattern. We demonstrated differences in the intracellular localization of the PSMA immunostaining which seem to be related to the tumor differentiation pattern. A significant number of the primary tumors (7/51) and metastases (6/51) presented with highly heterogeneous PSMA expression and in further 2 primary, and 8 metastatic tumors the staining was in the negative range (<10% positive tumor cells). A direct correlation between histological parameters and PSMA expression could not be demonstrated. Our findings clearly support the feasibility but also direct to potential failures of PSMA-targeted in vivo diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in prostate cancer patients with distant metastasis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.