ArticlePLoS pathogens2008
Protective effect of Toll-like receptor 4 in pulmonary vaccinia infection.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- MVA-5T4-induced immune responses are an early marker of efficacy in renal cancer patients.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2011Trial
- Antiviral innate immunity and adaptive immune responses against monkeypox and viral immune evasion.World journal of virology · 2026Review
- Dose Considerations for Vaccinia Oncolytic Virus Based on Retrospective Reanalysis of Early and Late Clinical Trials.Vaccines · 2024Article
- TLR4 signalling: the key to controlling EV71 replication and inflammatory response.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Diabetes mellitus: Lessons from COVID-19 for monkeypox infection.Primary care diabetes · 2023Review
- In silico design and immunoinformatics analysis of a universal multi-epitope vaccine against monkeypox virus.PloS one · 2023Article
- Review
- Poxviruses and the immune system: Implications for monkeypox virus.International immunopharmacology · 2022Review
- Toll-like Receptor Mediation in SARS-CoV-2: A Therapeutic Approach.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Genomic associations with poxvirus across divergent island populations in Berthelot's pipit.Molecular ecology · 2022Article
- Battle Royale: Innate Recognition of Poxviruses and Viral Immune Evasion.Biomedicines · 2021Review
- Injection site vaccinology of a recombinant vaccinia-based vector reveals diverse innate immune signatures.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Host genetic susceptibility to viral infections: the role of type I interferon induction.Genes and immunity · 2020Review
- Review
- Activation of Toll Immune Pathway in an Insect Vector Induced by a Plant Virus.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Genome-wide integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles to identify differentially expressed miR-22-5p and miR-27b-5p in response to classical swine fever vaccine virus.Functional & integrative genomics · 2019Article
- Innate Sensing of DNA Virus Genomes.Annual review of virology · 2018Review
- Distinct Roles of Vaccinia Virus NF-κB Inhibitor Proteins A52, B15, and K7 in the Immune Response.Journal of virology · 2017Article
- Natural Killer Cells and Innate Interferon Gamma Participate in the Host Defense against Respiratory Vaccinia Virus Infection.Journal of virology · 2016Article
- NFκB activation by modified vaccinia virus as a novel strategy to enhance neutrophil migration and HIV-specific T-cell responses.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Innate immune responses are essential for controlling poxvirus infection. The threat of a bioterrorist attack using Variola major, the smallpox virus, or zoonotic transmission of other poxviruses has renewed interest in understanding interactions between these viruses and their hosts. We recently determined that TLR3 regulates a detrimental innate immune response that enhances replication, morbidity, and mortality in mice in response to vaccinia virus, a model pathogen for studies of poxviruses. To further investigate Toll-like receptor signaling in vaccinia infection, we first focused on TRIF, the only known adapter protein for TLR3. Unexpectedly, bioluminescence imaging showed that mice lacking TRIF are more susceptible to vaccinia infection than wild-type mice. We then focused on TLR4, the other Toll-like receptor that signals through TRIF. Following respiratory infection with vaccinia, mice lacking TLR4 signaling had greater viral replication, hypothermia, and mortality than control animals. The mechanism of TLR4-mediated protection was not due to increased release of proinflammatory cytokines or changes in total numbers of immune cells recruited to the lung. Challenge of primary bone marrow macrophages isolated from TLR4 mutant and control mice suggested that TLR4 recognizes a viral ligand rather than an endogenous ligand. These data establish that TLR4 mediates a protective innate immune response against vaccinia virus, which informs development of new vaccines and therapeutic agents targeted against poxviruses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.