Evidence map›Paper›PMID 18802414›Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Genetics2008

Explaining human uniqueness: genome interactions with environment, behaviour and culture.

Ajit Varki, Daniel H Geschwind, Evan E Eichler

Open access · greenAbstract readComparative StudyReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Genetics, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
74citing papers in PubMed
9.7field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

74 citing papers in PubMed, 172 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. One Biology and the Status of Humans.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025
    Review
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  11. Testing the buffering hypothesis: Breastfeeding problems, cessation, and social support in the UK.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2022
    Article
  12. Review
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  14. NAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2021
    Article
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  19. Review
  20. Review

14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Ajit VarkiCenter for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA. a1varki@ucsd.edu
Daniel H Geschwind
Evan E Eichler
University of California, San Diego · USHoward Hughes Medical Institute · US

Funding

BIOSYNTHESIS AND REGULATION OF SUBSTITUTED SIALIC ACIDSR01GM032373 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI VARKI, AJIT P · 1985 to 2022
$6.9M
Identification and Characterization of Asymmetrically-Expressed GenesR37MH060233 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI GESCHWIND, DANIEL H · 2006 to 2014
$5.3M
MECHANISM &INSTABILITY OF PERICENTROMERIC DUPLICATIONSR01GM058815 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI EICHLER, EVAN · 1999 to 2010
$2.9M
BIOLOGY OF SIALIC ACIDS AND THEIR SUBSTITUTIONSR37GM032373 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO · PI VARKI, AJIT P · 1995 to 2004
$1.8M
Howard Hughes Medical InstituteNIGMS NIH HHS GM32373NIGMS NIH HHS GM58815NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM032373NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM058815NIGMS NIH HHS R37 GM032373NIMH NIH HHS R37 MH060233PHS HHS H60233
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

What makes us human? Specialists in each discipline respond through the lens of their own expertise. In fact, 'anthropogeny' (explaining the origin of humans) requires a transdisciplinary approach that eschews such barriers. Here we take a genomic and genetic perspective towards molecular variation, explore systems analysis of gene expression and discuss an organ-systems approach. Rejecting any 'genes versus environment' dichotomy, we then consider genome interactions with environment, behaviour and culture, finally speculating that aspects of human uniqueness arose because of a primate evolutionary trend towards increasing and irreversible dependence on learned behaviours and culture - perhaps relaxing allowable thresholds for large-scale genomic diversity.

Indexed as

CultureEnvironmentGenetic SpeciationIndividualityAnimalsBehaviorChromosomes, HumanEvolution, MolecularGene Regulatory NetworksGenetic VariationGenome, HumanHumansModels, BiologicalOrgan Specificity

Identifiers

PMID18802414
PMCPMC2756412
OpenAlexW1208845046

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.