ArticleMolecular biology and evolution2008
Balancing selection at a frog antimicrobial peptide locus: fluctuating immune effector alleles?
Article in Molecular biology and evolution, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed.
- Comparison of allele frequencies of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite antigens in malaria infections sampled in different years in a Kenyan population.Malaria journal · 2016Trial
- Amphibians After Disease-Induced Declines: Genetic Insights Into Population Recoveries.Molecular ecology · 2026Article
- Article
- Heterozygosity-Rich Regions in Canine Genome: Can They Serve as Indicators of Balancing Selection?Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Article
- A single amino acid polymorphism in natural Metchnikowin alleles of Drosophila results in systemic immunity and life history tradeoffs.PLoS genetics · 2024Article
- Complex patterns shape immune genes diversity during invasion of common raccoon in Europe - Selection in action despite genetic drift.Evolutionary applications · 2023Article
- Article
- Peptidomic Analysis of Skin Secretions of the Caribbean FrogsAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Antimicrobial peptide and sequence variation along a latitudinal gradient in two anurans.BMC genetics · 2020Article
- Article
- Balancing Selection Drives the Maintenance of Genetic Variation in Drosophila Antimicrobial Peptides.Genome biology and evolution · 2019Article
- Synergy and remarkable specificity of antimicrobial peptides in vivo using a systematic knockout approach.eLife · 2019Article
- Gene buddies: linked balanced polymorphisms reinforce each other even in the absence of epistasis.PeerJ · 2018Article
- Selective Landscapes in newt Immune Genes Inferred from Patterns of Nucleotide Variation.Genome biology and evolution · 2016Article
- Immune genes and divergent antimicrobial peptides in flies of the subgenus Drosophila.BMC evolutionary biology · 2016Article
- Perspectives on the evolutionary ecology of arthropod antimicrobial peptides.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2016Review
- The potential for adaptive maintenance of diversity in insect antimicrobial peptides.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2016Review
- Convergent Balancing Selection on an Antimicrobial Peptide in Drosophila.Current biology : CB · 2016Article
- Hyperdiverse gene cluster in snail host conveys resistance to human schistosome parasites.PLoS genetics · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Balancing selection is common on many defense genes, but it has rarely been reported for immune effector proteins such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). We describe genetic diversity at a brevinin-1 AMP locus in three species of leopard frogs (Rana pipiens, Rana blairi, and Rana palustris). Several highly divergent allelic lineages are segregating at this locus. That this unusual pattern results from balancing selection is demonstrated by multiple lines of evidence, including a ratio of nonsynonymous/synonymous polymorphism significantly higher than 1, the ZnS test, incongruence between the number of segregating sites and haplotype diversity, and significant Tajima's D values. Our data are more consistent with a model of fluctuating selection in which alleles change frequencies over time than with a model of stable balancing selection such as overdominance. Evidence for fluctuating selection includes skewed allele frequencies, low levels of synonymous variation, nonneutral values of Tajima's D within allelic lineages, an inverse relationship between the frequency of an allelic lineage and its degree of polymorphism, and divergent allele frequencies among populations. AMP loci could be important sites of adaptive genetic diversity, with consequences for host-pathogen coevolution and the ability of species to resist disease epidemics.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.