ReviewExpert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology2008
Neuroinflammation and microglia: considerations and approaches for neurotoxicity assessment.
Review in Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 133 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
133 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 312 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inflammatory Markers and their Relationship with Cognitive Function in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Neuromolecular medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Hepatitis C virus infection and Parkinson's disease: insights from a joint sex-stratified BioOptimatics meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- An evidence review of the association of immune and inflammatory markers with obesity-related eating behaviors.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease associated with HSV-1 and CMV coinfection.Virology journal · 2025Trial
- The Crosstalk Between Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease: A Molecular Perspective.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2026Review
- Weathered plastic particles negatively affect mouse primary neurons and glial cells.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Immuno-Regulation of Brain Region-Specific Organoids Containing Isogenic Microglia-Like Cells.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Cystatin F as a neuroimmune effector in CNS inflammation and neurodegeneration.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Therapeutic Potentials of the Seaweed-Derived Compounds for Alzheimer's Disease.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Chronic Neuroplasticity Changes Following Neurotropic Viral Infection: Mechanisms and Implications.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- ERRα Knockout Promotes M2 Microglial Polarization and Inhibits Ferroptosis in Sepsis-Associated Brain Dysfunction.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Altered Microglial Plasticity in the Periaqueductal Grey of Pre-Symptomatic Mecp2-Heterozygous Mice Following Early-Life Stress.Neuromolecular medicine · 2025Article
- Navigating the brain: Harnessing endogenous cellular hitchhiking for targeting neoplastic and neuroinflammatory diseases.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2025Review
- The neuroimmune nexus: unraveling the role of the mtDNA-cGAS-STING signal pathway in Alzheimer's disease.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2025Review
- Monoamine signaling and neuroinflammation: mechanistic connections and implications for neuropsychiatric disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Association between paramagnetic rim lesions and pulvinar iron depletion in persons with multiple sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis and related disorders · 2025Article
- Longitudinal investigation of optic chiasm in patients with traumatic brain injury.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Article
- TSPO Radioligands for Neuroinflammation: An Overview.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The ethanolic extract ofFood science & nutrition · 2024Article
- Betahistine's Neuroprotective Actions against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neurotoxicity: Insights from Experimental and Computational Studies.Brain sciences · 2024Article
73 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe impact of an inflammatory response, as well as interactions between the immune and nervous systems, are rapidly assuming major roles in neurodegenerative disease and injury. However, it is now appreciated that the exact nature of such responses can differ with each type of insult and interaction. More recently, neuroinflammation and the associated cellular response of microglia are being considered for their contribution to neurotoxicity of environmental agents; yet, so far, the inclusion of inflammatory end points into neurotoxicity assessment have relied primarily on relatively limited measures or driven by in vitro models of neurotoxicity.
objectiveTo present background information on relevant biological considerations of neuroinflammation and the microglia response demonstrating the complex integrative nature of these biological processes and raising concern with regards to translation of effects demonstrated in vitro to the in vivo situation. Specific points are addressed that would influence the design and interpretation of neuroinflammation with regards to neurotoxicology assessment.
conclusionThere is a complex and dynamic response in the brain to regulate inflammatory processes and maintain a normal homeostatic level. The classification of such responses as beneficial or detrimental is an oversimplification. Neuroinflammation should be considered as a balanced network of processes in which subtle modifications can shift the cells toward disparate outcomes. The tendency to overinterpret data obtained in an isolated culture system should be discouraged. Rather, the use of cross-disciplinary approaches to evaluate several end points should be incorporated into the assessment of inflammatory contributions to the neurotoxicity of environmental exposures.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.