Trial reportMolecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy2008
Phase I/II study of GM-CSF DNA as an adjuvant for a multipeptide cancer vaccine in patients with advanced melanoma.
Trial report in Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- CTLA-4 blockade increases antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells in prevaccinated patients with melanoma: three cases.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2011Trial
- WT1 peptide vaccinations induce CD4 and CD8 T cell immune responses in patients with mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2010Trial
- Immunologic response to xenogeneic gp100 DNA in melanoma patients: comparison of particle-mediated epidermal delivery with intramuscular injection.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2010Trial
- Safety and immunogenicity of a human and mouse gp100 DNA vaccine in a phase I trial of patients with melanoma.Cancer immunity · 2009Trial
- Biomarkers for predicting and monitoring the efficacy of cancer vaccines.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Review
- Genetic adjuvants: A paradigm shift in vaccine development and immune modulation.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Review
- Leveraging Microorganisms to Combat Skin Cancer.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Advances in nucleic acid-based cancer vaccines.Journal of biomedical science · 2025Review
- Advances in molecular adjuvants for nucleic acid vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Tumor Vaccines for Malignant Melanoma: Progress, Challenges, and Future Directions.Oncology research · 2025Review
- Spatiotemporal control of immune responses with nucleic acid cocktail vaccine.Advanced therapeutics · 2024Article
- Multi-epitope vaccines: a promising strategy against viral diseases in swine.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- The Dual Role of the Innate Immune System in the Effectiveness of mRNA Therapeutics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Enhanced synergistic antitumor effect of a DNA vaccine with anticancer cytokine, MDA-7/IL-24, and immune checkpoint blockade.Virology journal · 2022Article
- Implantable optical fibers for immunotherapeutics delivery and tumor impedance measurement.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Improving human cancer therapy through the evaluation of pet dogs.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2020Review
- Adjuvanted influenza vaccines.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2018Review
- Recent clinical trials of cancer immunogene therapy in companion animals.World journal of experimental medicine · 2017Review
- Enhanced anti-tumor therapeutic efficacy of DNA vaccine by fusing the E7 gene to BAFF in treating human papillomavirus-associated cancer.Oncotarget · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) enhances immune responses by inducing proliferation, maturation, and migration of dendritic cells (DCs) as well as expansion and differentiation of B and T lymphocytes. The potency of DNA vaccines can be enhanced by the addition of DNA encoding cytokines, acting as molecular adjuvants. We conducted a phase I/II trial of human GM-CSF DNA in conjunction with a multipeptide vaccine (gp100 and tyrosinase) in stage III/IV melanoma patients. Nineteen human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*0201+ patients were treated. Three dose levels were studied: 100, 400, and 800 microg DNA/injection, administered subcutaneously every month with 500 microg of each peptide. In the dose-ranging study, three patients were treated at each dose level. The remaining patients were then treated at the highest dose. Most toxicities were grade 1 injection-site reactions. Eight patients (42%) developed CD8+ T-cell responses, defined by a > or =3 SD increase in baseline reactivity to tyrosinase or gp100 peptide in tetramer or intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) assays. There was no relationship between dose and T-cell response. Responding T cells had an effector memory cell phenotype. Polyfunctional T cells were also demonstrated. At a median of 31 months follow-up, median survival has not been reached. Human GM-CSF DNA was found to be a safe adjuvant.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.