ArticleBMC microbiology2008
Comparative analysis of emm type pattern of Group A Streptococcus throat and skin isolates from India and their association with closely related SIC, a streptococcal virulence factor.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Prevalence and emm typing of multi-drug resistant Streptococcus pyogenes in tertiary care health settings.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Mechanisms that potentially contribute to the development of post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis.Pathogens and disease · 2024Review
- Whole-Genome Sequence of an Indian Group AMicrobiology resource announcements · 2020Article
- Epidemiology of invasive group A streptococcal infections in Norway 2010-2014: A retrospective cohort study.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2016Article
- M types & toxin gene profile of group A streptococci isolated from children in Dibrugarh district of Assam, India.The Indian journal of medical research · 2016Article
- Antibodies to group A streptococcal virulence factors, SIC and DRS, increase predilection to GAS pyoderma.BMC infectious diseases · 2015Article
- Seroprevalence of Streptococcal Inhibitor of Complement (SIC) suggests association of streptococcal infection with chronic kidney disease.BMC nephrology · 2013Article
- Detection of influent virulence and resistance genes in microarray data through quasi likelihood modeling.Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG · 2013Article
- Variability in the distribution of genes encoding virulence factors and putative extracellular proteins of Streptococcus pyogenes in India, a region with high streptococcal disease burden, and implication for development of a regional multisubunit vaccine.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2012Article
- first detection of trimethoprim resistance determinant dfrG in Streptococcus pyogenes clinical isolates in India.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2012Article
- Clinical and microbiologic characteristics of invasive Streptococcus pyogenes infections in north and south India.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2012Article
- Superantigen profiles of emm and emm-like typeable and nontypeable pharyngeal streptococcal isolates of South India.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2012Article
- Clonal spread of Streptococcus pyogenes emm44 among homeless persons, Rennes, France.Emerging infectious diseases · 2011Article
- Group A Streptococcus virulence factors genes in north India & their association with emm type in pharyngitis.The Indian journal of medical research · 2011Article
- emm and C-repeat region molecular typing of beta-hemolytic Streptococci in a tropical country: implications for vaccine development.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2009Article
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4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGroup A streptococcus (GAS) causes a wide variety of life threatening diseases in humans and the incidence of such infections is high in developing countries like India. Although distribution of emm types of GAS in India has been described, there is a lack of data describing either the comparative distribution of emm types in throat versus skin isolates, or the distribution of certain virulence factors amongst these isolates. Therefore in the present study we have monitored the emm type pattern of Group A streptococcus throat and skin isolates from India. Additionally, the association of these isolates with closely related sic (crs), a multifunctional compliment binding virulence factor, was also explored.
resultsOf the 94 (46 throat and 48 skin) isolates analyzed, 37 emm types were identified. The most frequently observed emm types were emm49 (8.5%) and emm112 (7.5%) followed by 6.5% each of emm1-2, emm75, emm77, and emm81. Out of 37 emm types, 27 have been previously reported and rest were isolated for the first time in the Indian Community. The predominant emm types of throat (emm49 and emm75) samples were different from those of skin (emm44, emm81 and emm112) samples. After screening all the 94 isolates, the crs gene was found in six emm1-2 (crs1-2) isolates, which was confirmed by DNA sequencing and expression analysis. Despite the polymorphic nature of crs, no intravariation was observed within crs1-2. However, insertions and deletions of highly variable sizes were noticed in comparison to CRS isolated from other emm types (emm1.0, emm57). CRS1-2 showed maximum homology with CRS57, but the genomic location of crs1-2 was found to be the same as that of sic1.0. Further, among crs positive isolates, speA was only present in skin samples thus suggesting possible role of speA in tissue tropism.
conclusionDespite the diversity in emm type pattern of throat and skin isolates, no significant association between emm type and source of isolation was observed. The finding that the crs gene is highly conserved even in two different variants of emm1-2 GAS (speA +ve and -ve) suggests a single allele of crs may be prevalent in the highly diverse throat and skin isolates of GAS in India.
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