ArticleGenetics2008
The chicken (Gallus gallus) Z chromosome contains at least three nonlinear evolutionary strata.
Article in Genetics, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers.
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66 citing papers in PubMed, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Whole-genome sequencing reveals a possible molecular basis of sex determination in the dioecious wild yam Dioscorea tokoro.PLoS genetics · 2026Article
- Detection of differentially expressed genes in bantam chickens providing insights into chicken dwarfism.BMC genomic data · 2025Article
- Neo-sex Chromosomes Track the Mitochondrial Phylogeny and Exhibit an Extensive Added Stratum of Recombination Suppression in Honeyeaters (Aves: Meliphagidae).Genome biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Genomic origins and evolution of neo-sex chromosomes in Pacific Island birds.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Sharks and rays have the oldest vertebrate sex chromosome with unique sex determination mechanisms.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Reference genome provide insights into sex determination of silver aworana (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum).BMC biology · 2025Article
- Sex Chromosome Evolution: Hallmarks and Question Marks.Molecular biology and evolution · 2024Review
- The rate of W chromosome degeneration across multiple avian neo-sex chromosomes.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Evolution, Inheritance, and Strata Formation of the W Chromosome in Duck (Anas platyrhynchos).Genome biology and evolution · 2023Article
- Cytogenetic evidence and dmrt linkage indicate male heterogamety in a non-bilaterian animal.PloS one · 2023Article
- Assessment of phylogenetic approaches to study the timing of recombination cessation on sex chromosomes.Journal of evolutionary biology · 2022Article
- The Rattlesnake W Chromosome: A GC-Rich Retroelement Refugium with Retained Gene Function Across Ancient Evolutionary Strata.Genome biology and evolution · 2022Article
- Blood transcriptome comparison between sexes and their function in 4-week Rhode Island red chickens.Animal cells and systems · 2022Article
- Schistosome W-Linked Genes Inform Temporal Dynamics of Sex Chromosome Evolution and Suggest Candidate for Sex Determination.Molecular biology and evolution · 2021Article
- The timing of genetic degeneration of sex chromosomes.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2021Review
- Transcriptome analysis of genes related to gonad differentiation and development in Muscovy ducks.BMC genomics · 2020Article
- Repeated sex chromosome evolution in vertebrates supported by expanded avian sex chromosomes.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2019Article
- Regional epigenetic differentiation of the Z Chromosome between sexes in a female heterogametic system.Genome research · 2019Article
- Identification of the master sex determining gene in Northern pike (Esox lucius) reveals restricted sex chromosome differentiation.PLoS genetics · 2019Article
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2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
Birds have female heterogamety with Z and W sex chromosomes. These evolved from different autosomal precursor chromosomes than the mammalian X and Y. However, previous work has suggested that the pattern and process of sex chromosome evolution show many similarities across distantly related organisms. Here we show that stepwise restriction of recombination between the protosex chromosomes of birds has resulted in regions of the chicken Z chromosome showing discrete levels of divergence from W homologs (gametologs). The 12 genes analyzed fall into three levels of estimated divergence values, with the most recent divergence (d(S) = 0.18-0.21) displayed by 6 genes in a region on the Z chromosome corresponding to the interval 1-11 Mb of the assembled genome sequence. Another 4 genes show intermediate divergence (d(S) = 0.27-0.38) and are located in the interval 16-53 Mb. Two genes (at positions 42 and 50 Mb) with higher d(S) values are located proximal to the most distal of the 4 genes with intermediate divergence, suggesting an inversion event. The distribution of genes and their divergence indicate at least three evolutionary strata, with estimated times for cessation of recombination between Z and W of 132-150 (stratum 1), 71-99 (stratum 2), and 47-57 (stratum 3) million years ago. An inversion event, or some other form of intrachromosomal rearrangement, subsequent to the formation of strata 1 and 2 has scrambled the gene order to give rise to the nonlinear arrangement of evolutionary strata currently seen on the chicken Z chromosome. These observations suggest that the progressive restriction of recombination is an integral feature of sex chromosome evolution and occurs also in systems of female heterogamety.
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