ArticleAIDS research and human retroviruses2008
Characterization of drug-resistance mutations in HIV type 1 isolates from drug-naive and ARV-treated patients in Bulgaria.
Article in AIDS research and human retroviruses, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Burden of nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance in HIV-1-infected patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2014Pooled it
- Comparing pill counts and patient self-reports versus DBS tenofovir concentrations as ART adherence measurements with virologic outcomes and HIV drug resistance in a cohort of adolescents and young adults failing ART in Harare, Zimbabwe.Journal of infection and public health · 2024Trial
- HIV-1 genetic diversity and primary drug resistance mutations before large-scale access to antiretroviral therapy, Republic of Congo.BMC research notes · 2017Article
- Origin and spread of HIV-1 in persons who inject drugs in Bulgaria.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2016Article
- Low HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance in Bulgaria against a background of high clade diversity.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2015Article
- Ten years survey of primary HIV-1 resistance in Serbia: the occurrence of multiclass resistance.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2014Article
- The prevalence of transmitted drug resistance in newly diagnosed HIV-infected individuals in Croatia: the role of transmission clusters of men who have sex with men carrying the T215S surveillance drug resistance mutation.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2013Article
- Detailed molecular epidemiologic characterization of HIV-1 infection in Bulgaria reveals broad diversity and evolving phylodynamics.PloS one · 2013Article
- Improved virological outcomes in British Columbia concomitant with decreasing incidence of HIV type 1 drug resistance detection.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Little information is available about the prevalence of resistance mutations to reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease (PR) inhibitors of HIV-1, after the introduction of antiretroviral treatment in Bulgaria. To fill this gap, we analyzed 80 plasma samples from HIV-1-infected Bulgarian patients, 22 naive at antiretroviral treatment (ARV) and 58 ARV experienced. The subtypes B and A resulted in the two most prevalent (41 patients and 18 patients, respectively). The proportion of subtype B among naive and treated patients was similar in each group (57% vs. 47%, p = 0.62), while a major proportion of subtypes A was present in drug-naive patients rather than in treated patients [8/22 (36.4%) vs. 10/58 (17.2%), p = 0.08]. Two (9.1%) naive patients and 40 (70.1%) drug-experienced patients had viruses carrying at least one mutation conferring resistance to ARV drugs. Of 57 patients having experience with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI), 32 (56.1%) had NRTI resistance mutations; 8/14 (57.2%) patients having experience with non-NRTI (NNRTI) had viruses carrying NNRTI resistance mutations; and 21/46 (45.7%) patients having experience with protease inhibitors (PI) had PI resistance mutations. The commonest resistance mutations resulted in the NRTI mutation M184V (42.1%) and the PI mutation L90M (24.1%). In conclusion, due to the detection of the substantial transmission of resistant variants to newly infected individuals, continuous surveillance is required, since greater access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) will be expected in Bulgaria. Furthermore, surveillance of PR and RT sequences is also convenient to monitor the introduction of nonsubtype B HIV-1 strains in Bulgaria.
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