ArticlePloS one2008
Net positive charge of HIV-1 CRF01_AE V3 sequence regulates viral sensitivity to humoral immunity.
Article in PloS one, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nondestructive tracking of viral infections by viral protein-initiated fluorescent sensors.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Prediction of the Co-receptor usage of the main worldwide HIV-1 subtypes, CRF, and CRF35-AD in Iranian patients via the five genotypic tools.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Article
- Net charge and position 22 of the V3 loop are associated with HIV-1 tropism in recently infected female sex workers in Nairobi, Kenya.Medicine · 2022Article
- Article
- Induction of neutralizing antibodies against tier 2 human immunodeficiency virus 1 in rhesus macaques infected with tier 1B simian/human immunodeficiency virus.Archives of virology · 2019Article
- Local and global anatomy of antibody-protein antigen recognition.Journal of molecular recognition : JMR · 2018Article
- Evolutionary Constraints on the Norovirus Pandemic Variant GII.4_2006b over the Five-Year Persistence in Japan.Frontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- A Proposal for a Structural Model of the Feline Calicivirus Protease Bound to the Substrate Peptide under Physiological Conditions.Frontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- Emergence of CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 variants followed by rapid disease progression in hemophiliac slow progressors.PloS one · 2017Article
- Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Influenza A(H3N2) Hemagglutinin Trimer Reveals the Structural Basis for Adaptive Evolution of the Recent Epidemic Clade 3C.2a.Frontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- Enhanced antibody-mediated neutralization of HIV-1 variants that are resistant to fusion inhibitors.Retrovirology · 2016Article
- In silico Analysis of HIV-1 Env-gp120 Reveals Structural Bases for Viral Adaptation in Growth-Restrictive Cells.Frontiers in microbiology · 2016Article
- Electrophoretic mobility confirms reassortment bias among geographic isolates of segmented RNA phages.BMC evolutionary biology · 2013Article
- Arginine insertion and loss of N-linked glycosylation site in HIV-1 envelope V3 region confer CXCR4-tropism.Scientific reports · 2013Article
- Structure and dynamics of the gp120 V3 loop that confers noncompetitive resistance in R5 HIV-1(JR-FL) to maraviroc.PloS one · 2013Article
- Article
- Structural basis for specific recognition of substrates by sapovirus protease.Frontiers in microbiology · 2012Article
- Molecular dynamics simulation in virus research.Frontiers in microbiology · 2012Article
- Antiviral propierties of 5,5'-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid and bacitracin against T-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1.Virology journal · 2011Article
- Molecular evolution of HIV-1 CRF01_AE Env in Thai patients.PloS one · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The third variable region (V3) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope gp120 subunit participates in determination of viral infection coreceptor tropism and host humoral immune responses. Positive charge of the V3 plays a key role in determining viral coreceptor tropism. Here, we examined by bioinformatics, experimental, and protein modelling approaches whether the net positive charge of V3 sequence regulates viral sensitivity to humoral immunity. We chose HIV-1 CRF01_AE strain as a model virus to address the question. Diversity analyses using CRF01_AE V3 sequences from 37 countries during 1984 and 2005 (n = 1361) revealed that reduction in the V3's net positive charge makes V3 less variable due to limited positive selection. Consistently, neutralization assay using CRF01_AE V3 recombinant viruses (n = 30) showed that the reduction in the V3's net positive charge rendered HIV-1 less sensitive to neutralization by the blood anti-V3 antibodies. The especially neutralization resistant V3 sequences were the particular subset of the CCR5-tropic V3 sequences with net positive charges of +2 to +4. Molecular dynamics simulation of the gp120 monomers showed that the V3's net positive charge regulates the V3 configuration. This and reported gp120 structural data predict a less-exposed V3 with a reduced net positive charge in the native gp120 trimer context. Taken together, these data suggest a key role of the V3's net positive charge in the immunological escape and coreceptor tropism evolution of HIV-1 CRF01_AE in vivo. The findings have molecular implications for the adaptive evolution and vaccine design of HIV-1.
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