ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2008
Ly6c+ "inflammatory monocytes" are microglial precursors recruited in a pathogenic manner in West Nile virus encephalitis.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 231 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
231 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 366 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glycolytic shift during West Nile virus infection provides new therapeutic opportunities.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Triacylglycerol metabolism is a novel target to combat West Nile virus infection.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Dynamic metabolic programming of monocyte-derived cells defines immunity in CNS disease.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Review
- Zika virus infection in the brains of lymphocyte-deficient mice does not lead to neurological symptoms despite sustained high viral load.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Article
- NOD2 activation reprograms infiltrating inflammatory monocytes in the Zika virus infected CNS to maintain neural correlates of learning and memory.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Polyamines as Gatekeepers of Virus Replication and Central Nervous System Homeostasis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor contributes to long-term cognitive recovery following ischemic stroke.Experimental neurology · 2026Article
- Myeloid miR-155 deficiency exacerbates viral encephalitis by hindering M1 macrophage polarization due to impaired NLRP3 inflammasome activation in extraneural tissues.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Intravitreal AAV vector delivery induces integrin-dependent ocular inflammation, complement activation, and antiviral and DNA damage responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Multi-omic spatially resolved analysis of the neuroinflammatory response to intracortical microelectrode arrays.Biomaterials · 2026Article
- A characterisation of the immune cells in immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice with orthotopic brain tumors.Clinical & translational immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Metabolic Programming Drives Protective and Inflammatory Monocyte Fates in Viral Encephalitis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- PARP Inhibition Shifts Murine Myeloid Cells Toward a More Tolerogenic Profile In Vivo.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Interleukin-17A signaling promotes CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity against West Nile virus infection through enhancing PI3K-mTOR-mediated metabolism.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Temporally resolved single-cell RNA sequencing reveals protective and pathological responses during herpes simplex virus CNS infection.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- "Silent messengers of chaos: unveiling the dual threat of immune infiltrates in Japanese encephalitis virus neuroinflammatory storm".Virology journal · 2025Review
- A central role for CCR2 in monocyte recruitment and blood-brain barrier disruption during Usutu virus encephalitis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
171 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
In a lethal West Nile virus (WNV) model, central nervous system infection triggered a threefold increase in CD45(int)/CD11b(+)/CD11c(-) microglia at days 6-7 postinfection (p.i.). Few microglia were proliferating, suggesting that the increased numbers were derived from a migratory precursor cell. Depletion of "circulating" (Gr1(-)(Ly6C(lo))CX3CR1(+)) and "inflammatory" (Gr1(hi)/Ly6C(hi)/CCR2(+)) classical monocytes during infection abrogated the increase in microglia. C57BL/6 chimeras reconstituted with cFMS-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) bone marrow (BM) showed large numbers of peripherally derived (GFP(+)) microglia expressing GR1(+)(Ly6C(+)) at day 7 p.i., suggesting that the inflammatory monocyte is a microglial precursor. This was confirmed by adoptive transfer of labeled BM (Ly6C(hi)/CD115(+)) or circulating inflammatory monocytes that trafficked to the WNV-infected brain and expressed a microglial phenotype. CCL2 is a chemokine that is highly expressed during WNV infection and important in inflammatory monocyte trafficking. Neutralization of CCL2 not only reduced the number of GFP(+) microglia in the brain during WNV infection but prolonged the life of infected animals. Therefore, CCL2-dependent inflammatory monocyte migration is critical for increases in microglia during WNV infection and may also play a pathogenic role during WNV encephalitis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.