ArticlePloS one2008
Role of N-terminal amino acids in the potency of anthrax lethal factor.
Article in PloS one, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed.
- ATP depletion in anthrax edema toxin pathogenesis.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Article
- ERK and c-Myc signaling in host-derived tumor endothelial cells is essential for solid tumor growth.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Article
- Assembly and Function of the Anthrax Toxin Protein Translocation Complex.Sub-cellular biochemistry · 2021Review
- Frontline Science: Anthrax lethal toxin-induced, NLRP1-mediated IL-1β release is a neutrophil and PAD4-dependent event.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2020Article
- Potential Therapeutic Targeting of Coronavirus Spike Glycoprotein Priming.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- The N-end rule ubiquitin ligase UBR2 mediates NLRP1B inflammasome activation by anthrax lethal toxin.The EMBO journal · 2019Article
- Anti-tumor activity of anthrax toxin variants that form a functional translocation pore by intermolecular complementation.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- Anthrax Toxin Protective Antigen Variants That Selectively Utilize either the CMG2 or TEM8 Receptors for Cellular Uptake and Tumor Targeting.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2016Article
- Solid tumor therapy by selectively targeting stromal endothelial cells.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2016Article
- Tumor Targeting and Drug Delivery by Anthrax Toxin.Toxins · 2016Review
- A d-Amino Acid at the N-Terminus of a Protein Abrogates Its Degradation by the N-End Rule Pathway.ACS central science · 2015Article
- Targeting the membrane-anchored serine protease testisin with a novel engineered anthrax toxin prodrug to kill tumor cells and reduce tumor burden.Oncotarget · 2015Article
- Review
- Reductive methylation and mutation of an anthrax toxin fusion protein modulates its stability and cytotoxicity.Scientific reports · 2014Article
- Hijacking multivesicular bodies enables long-term and exosome-mediated long-distance action of anthrax toxin.Cell reports · 2013Article
- Article
- Characterization of the native form of anthrax lethal factor for use in the toxin neutralization assay.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2013Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Anthrax lethal factor (LF) is a Zn(+2)-dependent metalloprotease that cleaves several MAPK kinases and is responsible for the lethality of anthrax lethal toxin (LT). We observed that a recombinant LF (LF-HMA) which differs from wild type LF (LF-A) by the addition of two residues (His-Met) to the native Ala (A) terminus as a result of cloning manipulations has 3-fold lower potency toward cultured cells and experimental animals. We hypothesized that the "N-end rule", which relates the half-life of proteins in cells to the identity of their N-terminal residue, might be operative in the case of LF, so that the N-terminal residue of LF would determine the cytosolic stability and thereby the potency of LF. Mutational studies that replaced the native N-terminal residue of LF with known N-end rule stabilizing or destabilizing residues confirmed that the N-terminal residue plays a significant role in determining the potency of LT for cultured cells and experimental animals. The fact that a commercially-available LF preparation (LF-HMA) that is widely used in basic research studies and for evaluation of vaccines and therapeutics is 3-fold less potent than native LF (LF-A) should be considered when comparing published studies and in the design of future experiments.
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