ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2008
Smallpox inhibitor of complement enzymes (SPICE): regulation of complement activation on cells and mechanism of its cellular attachment.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Enhanced virulence of mpox virus clade Ib over clade IIb in the CAST/EiJ mouse model.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Monoclonal Antibodies in Light of Mpox Outbreak: Current Research, Therapeutic Targets, and Animal Models.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Targeting the Complement Cascade in the Pathophysiology of COVID-19 Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Virus-Encoded Complement Regulators: Current Status.Viruses · 2021Review
- The complement system in COVID-19: friend and foe?JCI insight · 2020Review
- Interactions of viruses and the humoral innate immune response.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2020Review
- A virus-encoded type I interferon decoy receptor enables evasion of host immunity through cell-surface binding.Nature communications · 2018Article
- New insights into the immunomodulatory properties of poxvirus cytokine decoy receptors at the cell surface.F1000Research · 2018Review
- Species Specificity of Vaccinia Virus Complement Control Protein for the Bovine Classical Pathway Is Governed Primarily by Direct Interaction of Its Acidic Residues with Factor I.Journal of virology · 2017Article
- Viral-derived complement inhibitors: current status and potential role in immunomodulation.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2017Review
- Complement Dysregulation and Disease: Insights from Contemporary Genetics.Annual review of pathology · 2017Review
- Role of complement receptor 1 (CR1; CD35) on epithelial cells: A model for understanding complement-mediated damage in the kidney.Molecular immunology · 2015Article
- Complement regulatory protein CD46 protects against choroidal neovascularization in mice.The American journal of pathology · 2014Article
- Factors affecting the likelihood of monkeypox's emergence and spread in the post-smallpox era.Current opinion in virology · 2012Review
- Article
- Disabling complement regulatory activities of vaccinia virus complement control protein reduces vaccinia virus pathogenicity.Vaccine · 2011Article
- Glycosaminoglycans mediate retention of the poxvirus type I interferon binding protein at the cell surface to locally block interferon antiviral responses.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2011Article
- The Vaccinia virus complement control protein modulates adaptive immune responses during infection.Journal of virology · 2011Article
- Ectromelia virus inhibitor of complement enzymes protects intracellular mature virus and infected cells from mouse complement.Journal of virology · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Despite eradication of smallpox three decades ago, public health concerns remain due to its potential use as a bioterrorist weapon. Smallpox and other orthopoxviruses express virulence factors that inhibit the host's complement system. In this study, our goals were to characterize the ability of the smallpox inhibitor of complement enzymes, SPICE, to regulate human complement on the cell surface. We demonstrate that SPICE binds to a variety of cell types and that the heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans serve as attachment sites. A transmembrane-engineered version as well as soluble recombinant SPICE inhibited complement activation at the C3 convertase step with equal or greater efficiency than that of the related host regulators. Moreover, SPICE attached to glycosaminoglycans was more efficient than transmembrane SPICE. We also demonstrate that this virulence activity of SPICE on cells could be blocked by a mAb to SPICE. These results provide insights related to the complement inhibitory activities of poxviral inhibitors of complement and describe a mAb with therapeutic potential.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.