ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2008
Heritability of the severity of diabetic retinopathy: the FIND-Eye study.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 182 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gene Set Enrichment Analsyes Identify Pathways Involved in Genetic Risk for Diabetic Retinopathy.American journal of ophthalmology · 2022Pooled it
- Integration of genomics and transcriptomics predicts diabetic retinopathy susceptibility genes.eLife · 2020Pooled it
- Association between diabetic eye disease and other complications of diabetes: Implications for care. A systematic review.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2019Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Genome-wide meta-analysis for severe diabetic retinopathy.Human molecular genetics · 2011Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Higher diabetes genetic load in proliferative diabetic retinopathy in South India: The South Indian GeNetics of DiAbeTic Retinopathy (SIGNATR) study.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Precision Medicine in Diabetic Retinopathy: The Role of Genetic and Epigenetic Biomarkers.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- From background diabetic retinopathy to its proliferative stage. What is the role of gut microbiota in the trajectory of DR? a Mendelian randomization study with mediation analysis.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- New insights of potential biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy: integrated multi-omic analyses.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Discordance of diabetic retinopathy severity in a cohort of diabetic nephropathy patients: a cross-sectional case-control study in a new Mexican population of type 2 diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- New insights on genetic background of major diabetic vascular complications.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2024Article
- Genetic studies of type 2 diabetes, and microvascular complications of diabetes.Diabetology international · 2024Review
- Identification of Genetic Variants for Diabetic Retinopathy Risk Applying Exome Sequencing in Extreme Phenotypes.BioMed research international · 2024Article
- Genetic insights and emerging therapeutics in diabetic retinopathy: from molecular pathways to personalized medicine.Frontiers in genetics · 2024Review
- Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure Are Independent Risk Factors for Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Association of glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 polymorphisms on the susceptibility of diabetic retinopathy in the Bangladeshi population.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2023Article
- Association of Obesity Indices with Diabetic Kidney Disease and Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes: A Real-World Study.Journal of diabetes research · 2023Article
- Role of Autotaxin in High Glucose-Induced Human ARPE-19 Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Relationship between renal and liver function with diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a study based on cross-sectional data.Scientific reports · 2022Article
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
30 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeDiabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) are serious microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Correlations between severity of DR and DN and computed heritability estimates for DR were determined in a large, multiethnic sample of diabetic families. The hypothesis was that (1) the severity of DR correlates with the presence and severity of nephropathy in individuals with diabetes mellitus, and (2) the severity of DR is under significant familial influence in members of multiplex diabetic families.
methodsThe Family Investigation of Nephropathy and Diabetes (FIND) was designed to evaluate the genetic basis of DN in American Indians, European Americans, African Americans, and Mexican Americans. FIND enrolled probands with advanced DN, along with their diabetic siblings who were concordant and discordant for nephropathy. These diabetic family members were invited to participate in the FIND-Eye study to determine whether inherited factors underlie susceptibility to DR and its severity. FIND-Eye participants underwent eye examinations and had fundus photographs taken. The severity of DR was graded by using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Classification (ETDRS). Sib-sib correlations were calculated with the SAGE 5.0 program FCOR, to estimate heritability of retinopathy severity.
resultsThis report summarizes the results for the first 2368 diabetic subjects from 767 families enrolled in FIND-Eye; nearly 50% were Mexican American, the largest single ethnicity within FIND. The overall prevalence of DR was high; 33.4% had proliferative DR; 7.5%, 22.8%, and 9.5% had severe, moderate, and mild nonproliferative DR, respectively; 26.6% had no DR. The severity of DR was significantly associated with severity of DN, both by phenotypic category and by increasing serum creatinine concentration (chi(2) = 658.14, df = 20; P < 0.0001). The sib-sib correlation for DR severity was 0.1358 in the total sample and 0.1224 when limited to the Mexican-American sample. Broad sense heritabilities for DR were 27% overall and 24% in Mexican-American families. The polygenic heritability of liability for proliferative DR approximated 25% in this FIND-Eye sample.
conclusionsThese data confirm that the severity of DR parallels the presence and severity of nephropathy in individuals with diabetes mellitus. The severity of DR in members of multiplex diabetic families appears to have a significant familial connection.
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