ArticleMolecular microbiology2008
Clinically relevant mutations that cause derepression of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae MtrC-MtrD-MtrE Efflux pump system confer different levels of antimicrobial resistance and in vivo fitness.
Article in Molecular microbiology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 130 papers.
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Who cites it
130 citing papers in PubMed, 208 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Put your money where your mouth is: Surveillance of antibiotic resistance within the commensalbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
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- An integrated complete-genome sequencing and systems biology approach to predict antimicrobial resistance genes in the virulent bacterial strains of Moraxella catarrhalis.Briefings in functional genomics · 2026Article
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- Mechanism of Action of Gepotidacin: Well-Balanced Dual-Targeting againstACS infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Revisiting the potential impact of doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis on the selection of doxycycline resistance in Neisseria commensals.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Acquired Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics and Resistance Genes: From Past to Future.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Cathelicidins: Opportunities and Challenges in Skin Therapeutics and Clinical Translation.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Genetic Manipulation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Commensal Neisseria Species.Current protocols · 2024Article
- Experimental genital tract infection demonstrates Neisseria gonorrhoeae MtrCDE efflux pump is not required for in vivo human infection and identifies gonococcal colonization bottleneck.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Structural analysis of resistance-nodulation cell division transporters.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2024Review
- Molecular Mechanisms of Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobial Peptides in the Modern Era: An Updated Review.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- The Evaluation of Teleost-Derived Antimicrobial Peptides Against Neisseria gonorrhoeae.Cureus · 2024Article
- Rolling the evolutionary dice:Microbiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Th1-polarized MtrE-based gonococcal vaccines display prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy.Emerging microbes & infections · 2023Article
- An integrated complete-genome sequencing and systems biology approach to predict antimicrobial resistance genes in the virulent bacterial strains of Moraxella catarrhalis.Briefings in functional genomics · 2023Article
70 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The MtrC-MtrD-MtrE efflux pump system confers resistance to macrolide antibiotics and antimicrobial substances of the host innate defence. Clinical isolates with increased resistance to erythromycin and azithromycin frequently harbour mutations in the mtrR structural gene, which encodes a repressor of the mtrCDE operon, or the mtrR promoter region. The MtrC-MtrD-MtrE system is important for gonococcal survival in the murine genital tract, and derepression of the mtrCDE operon via deletion of mtrR confers increased fitness in vivo. Here we compared isogenic strains with naturally occurring mtrR locus mutations for differences in mtrCDE expression and pump-related phenotypes. Mutations upstream of mtrC, including those within the MtrR binding region and a novel mutation that increases mtrC RNA stability conferred the highest levels of derepression as measured by mtrCDE transcription and resistance to antibiotics, progesterone and antimicrobial peptides. In contrast, mutations within the mtrR coding sequence conferred low to intermediate levels of derepression. In vivo, the mtr mutants were more fit than the wild-type strain, the degree to which paralleled in vitro resistance gradients. These studies establish a hierarchy of mtrR locus mutations with regard to regulation of pump efflux, and suggest selection for more derepressed mutants may occur during mixed infections.
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