ArticleBiomaterials2008
TAT-conjugated nanoparticles for the CNS delivery of anti-HIV drugs.
Article in Biomaterials, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 308 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hijacking the Host: Post-Translational Modifications as Molecular Switches in HIV Persistence and Immune Evasion.Journal of medical virology · 2026Review
- Recent Nanotherapeutic Advancements Against HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND).Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Organelle-Targeted Nanotherapeutics for Parkinson's Disease: From Pathogenesis to Preclinical Strategies and Translational Challenges.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Drug Polymer Nanoparticles: An Advancement in Biomedical Solutions and Targeted Drug Delivery.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- Bionanoconjugates in Neurodegeneration: Peptide-Nanoparticle Alliances for Next-Generation Therapies.Pharmaceutical research · 2025Review
- Nanoparticle innovations in targeted cancer therapy: advancements in antibody-drug conjugates.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- New Trends in Brain Shuttle Peptides.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Recent Advances in Nanoparticle-Based Antiretroviral Drug Delivery Systems for HIV Treatment and Prevention: A Comprehensive Review.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Nanomaterials that Aid in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease, Resolving Blood-Brain Barrier Crossing Ability.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- In-vitro and in-vivo assessment of nirmatrelvir penetration into CSF, central nervous system cells, tissues, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Recent Uses of Lipid Nanoparticles, Cell-Penetrating and Bioactive Peptides for the Development of Brain-Targeted Nanomedicines against Neurodegenerative Disorders.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Preserving and enhancing mitochondrial function after stroke to protect and repair the neurovascular unit: novel opportunities for nanoparticle-based drug delivery.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Review
- Polymer nanocarriers for targeted local delivery of agents in treating brain tumors.Nanotechnology · 2022Review
- Peptides as Pharmacological Carriers to the Brain: Promises, Shortcomings and Challenges.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Leveraging the therapeutic, biological, and self-assembling potential of peptides for the treatment of viral infections.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2022Review
- Review
- Nanoparticle delivery systems for substance use disorder.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Review
- Enhanced efficiency of generating human-induced pluripotent stem cells using Lin28-30Kc19 fusion protein.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 (HIV-1) Transcriptional Regulation, Latency and Therapy in the Central Nervous System.Vaccines · 2021Review
- Repurpose but also (nano)-reformulate! The potential role of nanomedicine in the battle against SARS-CoV2.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2021Review
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We have shown that nanoparticles (NPs) conjugated to trans-activating transcriptor (TAT) peptide bypass the efflux action of P-glycoprotein and increase the transport of the encapsulated ritonavir, a protease inhibitor (PI), across the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) to the central nervous system (CNS). A steady increase in the drug parenchyma/capillary ratio over time without disrupting the BBB integrity suggests that TAT-conjugated NPs are first immobilized in the brain vasculature prior to their transport into parenchyma. Localization of NPs in the brain parenchyma was further confirmed with histological analysis of the brain sections. The brain drug level with conjugated NPs was 800-fold higher than that with drug in solution at two weeks. Drug clearance was seen within four weeks. In conclusion, TAT-conjugated NPs enhanced the CNS bioavailability of the encapsulated PI and maintained therapeutic drug levels in the brain for a sustained period that could be effective in reducing the viral load in the CNS, which acts as a reservoir for the replicating HIV-1 virus.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.