ArticleCellular microbiology2008
G-CSF induction early in uropathogenic Escherichia coli infection of the urinary tract modulates host immunity.
Article in Cellular microbiology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 75 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 130 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of the (Un)known Host Immune Response Biomarkers for Predicting Recurrence of Urinary Tract Infection.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- NeuO-mediated O-acetylation of uropathogenicJournal of bacteriology · 2026Article
- Mast cell specific receptor Mrgprb2/X2 regulates bladder immunity during urinary tract infections.Research square · 2026Article
- An mRNA-based FimH nanoparticle vaccine against uropathogenicFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Harnessing pro-inflammatory and immunopathologic immune responses in urinary tract infections for vaccine development: it's all about a balance.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Decoding epithelial-immune cell crosstalk in uropathogenicFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Human bladder organoids model urinary tract infection and bacteriophage therapy.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Modulation of Macrophages TLR4-Mediated Transcriptional Response byInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Host response during unresolved urinary tract infection alters female mammary tissue homeostasis through collagen deposition and TIMP1.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor protects against severe urinary tract infection in mice.mBio · 2024Article
- The NLRP3 Inflammasome Is Dispensable in Methicillin-ResistantPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The Potential Role of Persister Cells in Urinary Tract Infections.Current urology reports · 2023Review
- Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor Protects Against Severe Urinary Tract Infection in Mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Immunomodulation therapy offers new molecular strategies to treat UTI.Nature reviews. Urology · 2022Review
- Innate Bacteriostatic Mechanisms Defend the Urinary Tract.Annual review of physiology · 2022Review
- The immune responses to differentFrontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Biomarkers for febrile urinary tract infection in children.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2022Article
- Modified horseshoe crab peptides target and kill bacteria inside host cells.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2021Article
- Molecular determinants of disease severity in urinary tract infection.Nature reviews. Urology · 2021Review
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), the causative agent of approximately 85% of urinary tract infections (UTI), is a major health concern primarily affecting women. During infection, neutrophils infiltrate the bladder, but the mechanism of recruitment is not well understood. Here, we investigated the role of UPEC-induced cytokine production in neutrophil recruitment and UTI progression. We first examined the kinetics of cytokine expression during UPEC infection of the bladder, and their contribution to neutrophil recruitment. We found that UPEC infection induces expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines including granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF, CSF-3), not previously known to be involved in the host response to UTI. G-CSF induces neutrophil emigration from the bone marrow; these cells are thought to be critical for bacterial clearance during infection. Upon neutralization of G-CSF during UPEC infection, we found fewer circulating neutrophils, decreased neutrophil infiltration into the bladder and, paradoxically, a decreased bacterial burden in the bladder. However, depletion of G-CSF resulted in a corresponding increase in macrophage-activating cytokines, such as monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1, CCL-2) and Il-1beta, which may be key in host response to UPEC infection, potentially resolving the paradoxical decreased bacterial burden. Thus, G-CSF acts in a previously unrecognized role to modulate the host inflammatory response during UPEC infection.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.