ArticleImmunogenetics2008
Positive diversifying selection in avian Mx genes.
Article in Immunogenetics, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- FourAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Comparative Genomics of the Waterfowl Innate Immune System.Molecular biology and evolution · 2022Article
- Exosomal miRNA profiling from H5N1 avian influenza virus-infected chickens.Veterinary research · 2021Article
- Characterization of Myxovirus resistance protein in birds showing different susceptibilities to highly pathogenic influenza virus.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2020Article
- Article
- Insight into alternative approaches for control of avian influenza in poultry, with emphasis on highly pathogenic H5N1.Viruses · 2012Review
- Evolution-guided identification of antiviral specificity determinants in the broadly acting interferon-induced innate immunity factor MxA.Cell host & microbe · 2012Article
- Article
- Mx gene diversity and influenza association among five wild dabbling duck species (Anas spp.) in Alaska.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2010Article
- The cytoplasmic location of chicken mx is not the determining factor for its lack of antiviral activity.PloS one · 2010Article
- Evolutionary analysis and expression profiling of zebra finch immune genes.Genome biology and evolution · 2010Article
- Evidence of balanced diversity at the chicken interleukin 4 receptor alpha chain locus.BMC evolutionary biology · 2009Article
- Contrasting evolution of diversity at two disease-associated chicken genes.Immunogenetics · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mx proteins are interferon-induced GTPases that confer antiviral activities against RNA viruses. We analysed the molecular evolution of the Mx gene in birds using data on interspecific divergence in anseriform and galliform birds, and on intraspecific diversity in commercial chicken lines, local Chinese chicken breeds as well as in the mallard. The overall ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous substitution was unusually high, 0.80, indicating relaxed constraint or positive selection. Evidence for the latter was provided by that a total of 11-18 codons were found to have evolved under positive selection. The great majority of these codons are located in a region unique to birds at the N-terminal end of the Mx protein. We found an excess of non-synonymous polymorphisms relative to synonymous variants in all comparisons. This, together with positive Tajima's D values in the local Chinese chicken breeds and in the mallard suggests that balancing selection is acting in avian Mx genes. As such, Mx mimics the major histocompatibility complex system, indicating that heterozygous individuals are better off withstanding pathogen attack.
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