ReviewBlood2008
CD4 T cells: fates, functions, and faults.
Review in Blood, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 819 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
819 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 1,748 citations in OpenAlex.
- Preclinical Evaluation of Bacterial Lysates in Murine Disease Models: A Systematic Review.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Pooled it
- A logic-gated nanoplatform spatiotemporally orchestrates immunometabolic reprogramming and osteogenesis for diabetic periodontal regeneration.Bioactive materials · 2027Article
- Chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus: a perspective on skin barrier damage.Renal failure · 2026Review
- Flow Cytometric Lymphocyte Subset Enumeration for Lymphopenia Grading and C-Reactive Protein-Defined Inflammation Discrimination.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2026Article
- Uridine and pyruvate supplementation is associated with Th1 polarization during mitotoxic antibiotic therapy.iScience · 2026Article
- Article
- PDLIM4 promotes dephosphorylation of STAT transcription factors by recruiting PTP-BL and inhibits Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell differentiation.International immunology · 2026Article
- Sequential Immune Activation of Effector T Cells as Biomarkers of Response to Durvalumab in Patients with Locally Advanced NSCLC.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Observational
- Sex differences in the developmental programming of cardiovascular and renal risk across the lifespan.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2026Review
- Protein Posttranslational Modifications in Immunity: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets.MedComm · 2026Review
- Article
- Integrated bulk and single-cell transcriptomic analyses identify senescence-related hub genes and microenvironmental remodeling in sarcopenia.Functional & integrative genomics · 2026Article
- Inflammatory and Immune Microenvironment in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities.Cancers · 2026Review
- Identification and Characterization ofMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Article
- Immune dysregulation in mania: A proof-of-concept platelet proteomics study.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2026Article
- Presurgical immune biomarkers associated with pain intensity and pain interference recovery after total knee arthroplasty: findings from the PRIME-KNEE study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Low-dose IL-2 therapy for immune-related adverse events via Tfh/Treg balance modulation: a prospective cohort and murine model study.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Antigen-specific T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination after hematopoietic cell transplant or CAR T-cell therapy.Blood advances · 2026Article
- Integrated Single-Cell RNA-Seq and Machine Learning to Construct an EMT Infiltration Scoring Model for Prostate Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
759 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In 1986, Mosmann and Coffman identified 2 subsets of activated CD4 T cells, Th1 and Th2 cells, which differed from each other in their pattern of cytokine production and their functions. Our understanding of the importance of the distinct differentiated forms of CD4 T cells and of the mechanisms through which they achieve their differentiated state has greatly expanded over the past 2 decades. Today at least 4 distinct CD4 T-cell subsets have been shown to exist, Th1, Th2, Th17, and iTreg cells. Here we summarize much of what is known about the 4 subsets, including the history of their discovery, their unique cytokine products and related functions, their distinctive expression of cell surface receptors and their characteristic transcription factors, the regulation of their fate determination, and the consequences of their abnormal activation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.