Trial reportCancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology2008
Estrogen plus progestin and risk of benign proliferative breast disease.
Trial report in Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predicting radiological regression in benign breast hyperplasia: the prolactin-to-estradiol ratio as a prognostic biomarker.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- An Interesting Imaging Presentation of a Common Benign Entity: Fibrocystic Changes in a Postmenopausal Patient.Cureus · 2023Article
- Physical activity and risk of benign proliferative epithelial disorders of the breast, in the Women's Health Initiative.International journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Characterization of Benign Breast Diseases and Association With Age, Hormonal Factors, and Family History of Breast Cancer Among Women in Sweden.JAMA network open · 2021Article
- Association Between the Presence of Female-Specific Tumors and Aggressive Clinicopathological Features in Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis of 9,822 Cases.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
- THE ROLE OF E2/P RATIO IN THE ETIOLOGY OF FIBROCYSTIC BREAST DISEASE, MASTALGIA AND MASTODYNIA.Acta clinica Croatica · 2018Article
- Menopausal hormone therapy and cancer: changing clinical observations of target site specificity.Steroids · 2014Review
- Molecular screening of Chinese medicinal plants for progestogenic and anti-progestogenic activity.Journal of biosciences · 2014Article
- Benign proliferative breast diseases among female patients at a sub-Saharan Africa tertiary hospital: a cross sectional study.BMC surgery · 2013Article
- 2D-DIGE proteomic analysis of changes in estrogen/progesterone-induced rat breast hyperplasia upon treatment with the Mongolian remedy RuXian-I.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2011Article
- Identifying botanical mechanisms of action.Fitoterapia · 2011Review
- Rates of atypical ductal hyperplasia have declined with less use of postmenopausal hormone treatment: findings from the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2009Article
- Short-term prophylactic tamoxifen reduces the incidence of antiestrogen-resistant/estrogen receptor-positive/progesterone receptor-negative mammary tumors.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2009Article
- Progestins and the Risk of Breast Cancer.Acta endocrinologica (Bucharest, Romania : 2005)Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Women with benign proliferative breast disease are at increased risk of subsequent breast cancer. Estrogens and progesterone exert proliferative effects on mammary epithelium, and combined hormone replacement therapy has been associated with increased breast cancer risk. We tested the effect of conjugated equine estrogen plus progestin on the risk of benign proliferative breast disease in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) randomized controlled trial. In the WHI trial of estrogen plus progestin, 16,608 postmenopausal women were randomly assigned either to 0.625 mg/day of conjugated equine estrogen plus 2.5 mg/day of medroxyprogesterone acetate or to placebo. Baseline and annual breast exams and mammograms were required. The trial was terminated early (average follow-up, 5.5 years). We identified women who had had a biopsy for benign breast disease, and subjected histologic sections from the biopsies to standardized review. Overall, 178 incident cases of benign proliferative breast disease were ascertained in the estrogen plus progestin group and 99 in the placebo group. The use of estrogen plus progestin was associated with a 74% increase in the risk of benign proliferative breast disease [hazard ratio, 1.74; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.35-2.25]. For benign proliferative breast disease without atypia the hazard ratio was 2.00 (95% CI, 1.50-2.66), while for atypical hyperplasia it was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.38-1.52). The risk varied little by levels of baseline characteristics. The results of this study suggest that the use of estrogen plus progestin may increase the risk of benign proliferative breast disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.