ArticleEukaryotic cell2008
TOR1 and TOR2 have distinct locations in live cells.
Article in Eukaryotic cell, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers.
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Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 157 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vacuoles provide the source membrane for TORC1-containing signaling endosomes.The Journal of cell biology · 2025Article
- Activation of the cell wall integrity pathway negatively regulates TORC2-Ypk1/2 signaling through blocking eisosome disassembly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Transcription by the Three RNA Polymerases under the Control of the TOR Signaling Pathway inBiomolecules · 2023Review
- Two Different Phospholipases C, Isc1 and Pgc1, Cooperate To Regulate Mitochondrial Function.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- TOR complex 2 is a master regulator of plasma membrane homeostasis.The Biochemical journal · 2022Article
- Conserved Pib2 regions have distinct roles in TORC1 regulation at the vacuole.Journal of cell science · 2022Article
- White spot syndrome virus directly activates mTORC1 signaling to facilitate its replication via polymeric immunoglobulin receptor-mediated infection in shrimp.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Heterozygous Mutations in Aromatic Amino Acid Synthesis Genes Trigger TOR Pathway Activation inmicroPublication biology · 2022Article
- Pib2 as an Emerging Master Regulator of Yeast TORC1.Biomolecules · 2021Review
- SEA and GATOR 10 Years Later.Cells · 2021Review
- Analysis of the TORC1 interactome reveals a spatially distinct function of TORC1 in mRNP complexes.The Journal of cell biology · 2021Article
- Kog1/Raptor mediates metabolic rewiring during nutrient limitation by controlling SNF1/AMPK activity.Science advances · 2021Article
- Ras, PI3K and mTORC2 - three's a crowd?Journal of cell science · 2020Review
- Review
- The TOR Pathway Plays Pleiotropic Roles in Growth and Stress Responses of the Fungal PathogenGenetics · 2019Article
- Analysis of the roles of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-Molecular biology of the cell · 2019Article
- Sphingolipid/Pkh1/2-TORC1/Sch9 Signaling Regulates Ribosome Biogenesis in Tunicamycin-Induced Stress Response in Yeast.Genetics · 2019Article
- Regulation of TORC2 function and localization by Rab5 GTPases inCell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) · 2019Review
- Spatially distinct pools of TORC1 balance protein homeostasis.Autophagy · 2019Article
- Multilayered regulation of TORC1-body formation in budding yeast.Molecular biology of the cell · 2019Article
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
TOR is a structurally and functionally conserved Ser/Thr kinase found in two multiprotein complexes that regulate many cellular processes to control cell growth. Although extensively studied, the localization of TOR is still ambiguous, possibly because endogenous TOR in live cells has not been examined. Here, we examined the localization of green fluorescent protein (GFP) tagged, endogenous TOR1 and TOR2 in live S. cerevisiae cells. A DNA cassette encoding three copies of green fluorescent protein (3XGFP) was inserted in the TOR1 gene (at codon D330) or the TOR2 gene (at codon N321). The TORs were tagged internally because TOR1 or TOR2 tagged at the N or C terminus was not functional. The TOR1(D330-3XGFP) strain was not hypersensitive to rapamycin, was not cold sensitive, and was not resistant to manganese toxicity caused by the loss of Pmr1, all indications that TOR1-3XGFP was expressed and functional. TOR2-3XGFP was functional, as TOR2 is an essential gene and TOR2(N321-3XGFP) haploid cells were viable. Thus, TOR1 and TOR2 retain function after the insertion of 748 amino acids in a variable region of their noncatalytic domain. The localization patterns of TOR1-3XGFP and TOR2-3XGFP were documented by imaging of live cells. TOR1-3XGFP was diffusely cytoplasmic and concentrated near the vacuolar membrane. The TOR2-3XGFP signal was cytoplasmic but predominately in dots at the plasma membrane. Thus, TOR1 and TOR2 have distinct localization patterns, consistent with the regulation of cellular processes as part of two different complexes.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.