ArticleJournal of the American College of Surgeons2008
Risk factors for surgical site infection after major breast operation.
Article in Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03229824 (Randomized Controlled Trial to Reduce Surgical Site Infections in Breast Cancer Surgery With Clorhexidine Gluconate Securement Dressing), which is not on this map. Cited by 78 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Randomized Controlled Trial to Reduce Surgical Site Infections in Breast Cancer Surgery With Clorhexidine Gluconate Securement Dressing (Tegaderm CHG)
Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 216 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diabetes and Risk of Surgical Site Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Infection control and hospital epidemiology · 2016Pooled it
- Antibiotics and Surgical Site Infection in Expander-Based Breast Reconstruction Trial (ASSERT).Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Trial
- Use of polysaccharide hemostatic agent (HaemoCer™) in breast cancer surgery to reduce postoperative complications: A randomised controlled trial.International wound journal · 2023Trial
- Antibiotic prophylaxis in breast cancer surgery (PAUS trial): randomised clinical double-blind parallel-group multicentre superiority trial.The British journal of surgery · 2022Trial
- Effectiveness of Single vs Multiple Doses of Prophylactic Intravenous Antibiotics in Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2022Trial
- Antibiotic prophylaxis in breast cancer surgery. A randomized controlled trial.Acta cirurgica brasileira · 2020Trial
- Bacterial colonization of seromas after breast cancer surgery with and without local steroid prophylaxis.World journal of surgical oncology · 2019Trial
- Randomized trial of drain antisepsis after mastectomy and immediate prosthetic breast reconstruction.Annals of surgical oncology · 2014Trial
- Randomized controlled trial to reduce bacterial colonization of surgical drains after breast and axillary operations.Annals of surgery · 2013Trial
- Dressing wear time after breast reconstruction: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Trials · 2013Trial
- Technique-Driven and Patient-Specific Variations in Complications of Mastectomy with Immediate Breast Reconstruction: An Evidence-Based Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- The Impact of Penicillin Allergy on Infection Rates in Tissue Expander Breast Reconstruction: A 7-year Analysis.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- Impact of Preoperative Urinary Tract Infection on Postoperative Outcomes in Plastic Surgery.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- Multimodal assessment of the prevention of surgical site infections in breast surgery in a French university hospital.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2025Observational
- Greater Health Resources Are Used for Direct-to-implant Breast Reconstruction in Women With Higher Body Mass Index.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025Article
- How Obesity Complicates Breast Cancer Care: Insights From a Systematic Review of Case Reports.Cureus · 2025Review
- Reducing Postbreast Reconstruction Infection Rates: Our Journey to Achieving Low Postoperative Infection Outcomes.Cureus · 2024Article
- A feasibility study assessing quantitative indocyanine green angiographic predictors of reconstructive complications following nipple-sparing mastectomy.JPRAS open · 2024Article
- Postoperative Prophylactic Antibiotic Use in Breast Reduction Mammoplasty: A Single Centre Retrospective Cohort Study.Plastic surgery (Oakville, Ont.) · 2024Article
- Immediate breast reconstruction with laparoscopically harvested omental flap: A retrospective analysis with a maximum 12-year follow-up.Surgery today · 2024Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUnderstanding surgical site infection (SSI) risk factors after breast operation is essential to develop infection-prevention strategies and improve surgical outcomes.
methodsWe performed a retrospective case-control study with subjects selected from a cohort of mastectomy, breast reconstruction, and reduction surgical patients between January 1998 and June 2002 at a university-affiliated hospital. SSI cases within 1 year after operation were identified using ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes for wound infection and complication or positive wound cultures, or both. Medical records of 57 patients with breast SSI and 268 randomly selected uninfected control patients were reviewed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for SSI.
resultsSignificant independent risk factors for breast incisional SSI included insertion of a breast implant or tissue expander (odds ratio [OR] = 5.3; 95% CI, 2.5 to 11.1), suboptimal prophylactic antibiotic dosing (OR = 5.1; 95% CI, 2.5 to 10.2), transfusion (OR = 3.4; 95% CI, 1.3 to 9.0), mastectomy (OR = 3.3; 95% CI, 1.4 to 7.7), previous chest irradiation (OR = 2.8; 95% CI, 1.2 to 6.5), and current or recent smoking (OR = 2.1; 95% CI, 0.9 to 4.9). Local infiltration of an anesthetic agent was associated with substantially reduced odds of SSI (OR = 0.4; 95% CI, 0.1 to 0.9).
conclusionsSuboptimal prophylactic antibiotic dosing is a potentially modifiable risk factor for SSI after breast operation. SSI risk was increased in patients undergoing mastectomy and in patients who had an implant or tissue expander placed during operation. This information can be used to develop a specific risk stratification index to predict SSI and infection-preventive strategies tailored for breast surgery patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.