ReviewJournal of dental research2008
A new inflammatory cytokine on the block: re-thinking periodontal disease and the Th1/Th2 paradigm in the context of Th17 cells and IL-17.
Review in Journal of dental research, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 153 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
153 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 331 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Interleukin-17 in Oral Lichen Planus: From Etiopathogenesis to Treatment.Clinical medicine & research · 2023Pooled it
- Does oral lichen planus aggravate the state of periodontal disease? A systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical oral investigations · 2022Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Multiple Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms in the Pathogenesis of Periodontitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Salivary citrullinated proteins in rheumatoid arthritis and associated periodontal disease.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Systemic Antibiotic Therapy Reduces Circulating Inflammatory Dendritic Cells and Treg-Th17 Plasticity in Periodontitis.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2019Trial
- Sulfur metabolism and immune-microbial networks across oral niches in periodontal disease.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- The dynamic landscape of T helper cell plasticity and Th17-Treg instability in periodontitis.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Longitudinal Salivary Immunophenotyping Reveals Distinct Cellular Signatures of Periodontal Disease Activity and Resolution.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A Comparative Bioinformatics Analysis of the Transcriptomic Profiles of Peri-Implantitis and Periodontitis and Their Common Signaling Pathways with Atherosclerosis.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Periodontal Disease and Its Association withMicroorganisms · 2026Review
- Inflammatory bone loss and signaling pathways in periodontitis: mechanistic insights and emerging therapeutic strategies.Bone research · 2026Review
- Precision immunopharmacology in peri-implantitis management: from molecular mechanisms to advanced therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- FOXP3+ T Cells-An Emerging Evidence in Periodontitis Therapeutics.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2025Review
- Mesenchymal stem cell-derived apoptotic vesicles: emerging cell-free strategy for periodontitis treatment.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Single-cell RNA profiling identifies immune cell population shifts in diabetes associated mucosal inflammation.Mucosal immunology · 2025Article
- Translating Antiviral Therapies to Veterinary Use: A Review of Immunomodulatory Agents for Potential Application in Aleutian Mink Diseases.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Serum cytokines in periodontal diseases.Periodontology 2000 · 2025Review
- Natural and induced immune responses in oral cavity and saliva.BMC immunology · 2025Review
- Inflammatory Biomarkers and Oral Health Disorders as Predictors of Head and Neck Cancer: A Retrospective Longitudinal Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Periodontitis and Diabetes Differentially Affect Inflammation in Obesity.Journal of dental research · 2024Article
93 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
For almost two decades, the Th1/Th2 paradigm has offered a productive conceptual framework for investigating the pathogenesis of periodontitis. However, as with many other inflammatory diseases, the observed role of T-cell-mediated immunity in periodontitis did not readily fit this model. A new subset of CD4+ T-cells was recently discovered that explains many of the discrepancies in the classic Th1/Th2 model, and has been termed "Th17" based on its secretion of the novel pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17. The identification of Th17 cells as a novel effector T-cell population compels re-examination of periodontitis in the context of the new subset and its signature cytokines. This review aims to offer a clarifying insight into periodontal pathogenesis under the extended Th1/Th2/Th17 paradigm, and is predicated on the principle that periodontal disease activity is determined by a complex interplay between the immune system and periodontal pathogens. The re-examination of existing periodontal literature and further studies in the light of these new discoveries may help explain how the inflammatory response results in damage to the periodontium while generally failing to control the pathogens. This knowledge is essential for the development of immunomodulatory intervention strategies for fine-tuning the host response to maximize the protective and minimize the destructive aspects of the periodontal host response. Moreover, with the advent of anti-cytokine biologic drugs that target the Th1 and Th17 pathways in autoimmunity, the potential consequences to periodontal disease susceptibility in humans need to be understood.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.