ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2009
Visual and cognitive deficits predict stopping or restricting driving: the Salisbury Eye Evaluation Driving Study (SEEDS).
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Association Between Visual Impairment and Depression in Patients Attending Eye Clinics: A Meta-analysis.JAMA ophthalmology · 2021Pooled it
- A randomized trial to evaluate the effectiveness of an individual, education-based safe transport program for drivers aged 75 years and older.BMC public health · 2013Trial
- Evaluating clinical change and visual function concerns in drivers and nondrivers with glaucoma.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2009Trial
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of early visual processing, social cognition, and functional outcomes in schizophrenia spectrum disorders.Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2025Review
- Twenty-Year Follow-Up of Cataract Surgery in Car-Drivers: Associations Between Subjective Visual Difficulties and Objective Visual Function.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Article
- Association of Visual Health With Depressive Symptoms and Brain Imaging Phenotypes Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- The Association between Vision Impairment and Depression: A Systematic Review of Population-Based Studies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Prevalence of Reduced Vision among UK Elderly Drivers: The Bridlington Eye Assessment Project (BEAP)-A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Introducing practical tools for fit to drive assessment of the elderly: A step toward improving the health of the elderly.Journal of education and health promotion · 2021Review
- Left Turns by Older Drivers With Vision Impairment: A Naturalistic Driving Study.Innovation in aging · 2021Article
- Assessment of cognitive screening tests as predictors of driving cessation: A prospective cohort study of a median 4-year follow-up.PloS one · 2021Article
- Driving Status and Transportation Disadvantage Among Medicare Beneficiaries.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2020Article
- Association of Photopic and Mesopic Contrast Sensitivity in older drivers with risk of motor vehicle collision using naturalistic driving data.BMC ophthalmology · 2020Article
- Association of Cataract Surgery With Traffic Crashes.JAMA ophthalmology · 2018Article
- First and second eye cataract surgery and driver self-regulation among older drivers with bilateral cataract: a prospective cohort study.BMC geriatrics · 2018Article
- A link between attentional function, effective eye movements, and driving ability.Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance · 2017Article
- Medical review licensing outcomes in drivers with visual field loss in Victoria, Australia.Clinical & experimental optometry · 2016Article
- Behind the wheel: community consultation informs adaptation of safe-transport program for older drivers.BMC research notes · 2015Article
- Trail Making Test performance contributes to subjective judgment of visual efficiency in older adults.PeerJ · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo determine the visual and other factors that predict stopping or restricting driving in older drivers.
methodsA group of 1425 licensed drivers aged 67 to 87 years, who were residents of greater Salisbury, participated. At 1 year after enrollment, this group was categorized into those who had stopped driving, drove only within their neighborhood, or continued to drive beyond their neighborhood. At baseline, a battery of structured questionnaires, vision, and cognitive tests were administered. Multivariate analysis determined the factors predictive of stopping or restricting driving 12 months later.
resultsOf the 1425 enrolled, 1237 (87%) were followed up at 1 year. Excluding those who were already limiting their driving at baseline (n = 35), 1.5% (18/1202) had stopped and 3.4% (41/1202) had restricted their driving. The women (odds ratio [OR], 4.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.05-8.20) and those who prefer to be driven (OR, 3.91; 95% CI, 1.91-8.00) were more likely to stop or restrict driving. Depressive symptoms increased likelihood of restricting or stopping driving (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.009-1.16 per point Geriatric Depression Scale). Slow visual scanning and psychomotor speed (Trail Making Test, Part A: OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01-1.03), poor visuoconstructional skills (Beery-Buktenica Test of Visual Motor Integration: OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.05-1.25), and reduced contrast sensitivity (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.03-1.28) predicted stopping or reducing driving. Visual field loss and visual attention were not associated. The effect of vision on changing driving behavior was partially mediated by cognition, depression, and baseline driving preferences.
conclusionsIn this cohort, contrast sensitivity and cognitive function were independently associated with incident cessation or restriction of driving space. These data suggest drivers with functional deficits make difficult decisions to restrict or stop driving.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.