ArticlePhysical therapy2008
In vitro optimization of dexamethasone phosphate delivery by iontophoresis.
Article in Physical therapy, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03636386 (Effectiveness of Percutaneous Microelectrolysis in the Decrease of Pain in Myofascial Trigger Points), which is not on this map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effectiveness of Percutaneous Microelectrolysis in the Decrease of Pain in Myofascial Trigger Points: Evaluation Through Algometry and Visual Analog Scale. Randomized Controlled Trial.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Suppression of Fibrotic Reactions of Chitosan-Alginate Microcapsules Containing Porcine Islets by Dexamethasone Surface Coating.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2021Article
- Modeling iontophoretic drug delivery in a microfluidic device.Lab on a chip · 2020Article
- Iontophoresis Improved Growth Reduction of Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Topical Photodynamic Therapy.PloS one · 2016Article
- Iontophoretic transdermal sampling of iohexol as a non-invasive tool to assess glomerular filtration rate.Pharmaceutical research · 2015Article
- Iontophoresis-facilitated delivery of prednisolone through throat skin to the trachea after topical application of its succinate salt.Pharmaceutical research · 2011Article
- Iontophoresis of dexamethasone phosphate: competition with chloride ions.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2008Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
background and purposeThis study was designed to evaluate the effects of competing ions and electroosmosis on the transdermal iontophoresis of dexamethasone phosphate (Dex-Phos) and to identify the optimal conditions for its delivery.
methodsThe experiments were performed using pig skin, in side-by-side diffusion cells (0.78 cm(2)), passing a constant current of 0.3 mA via Ag-AgCl electrodes. Dex-Phos transport was quantified for donor solutions (anodal and cathodal) containing different drug concentrations, with and without background electrolyte. Electrotransport of co-ion, citrate, and counterions Na(+) and K(+) also was quantified. The contribution of electroosmosis was evaluated by measuring the transport of the neutral marker (mannitol).
resultsElectromigration was the dominant mechanism of drug iontophoresis, and reduction in electroosmotic flow directed against the cathodic delivery of Dex-Phos did not improve drug delivery. The Dex-Phos flux from the cathode was found to be optimal (transport number of approximately 0.012) when background electrolyte was excluded from the formulation. In this case, transport of the drug is limited principally by the competition with counterions (mainly Na(+) with a transport number of approximately 0.8) and the mobility of the drug in the membrane. DISCUSSION AND
conclusionDex-Phos must be delivered from the cathode and formulated rationally, excluding mobile co-anions, to achieve optimal iontophoretic delivery.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.