Trial reportAddiction (Abingdon, England)2008
Mediators of a successful web-based smokeless tobacco cessation program.
Trial report in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Interventions for smokeless tobacco use cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Peer-Based Social Media Features in Behavior Change Interventions: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2018Pooled it
- Internet-based interventions for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Can an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy-Based Smartphone App Help Individuals with Mental Health Disorders Quit Smoking?Depression and anxiety · 2024Trial
- Smoking Cessation Smartphone App Use Over Time: Predicting 12-Month Cessation Outcomes in a 2-Arm Randomized Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2022Trial
- Outcomes and Device Usage for Fully Automated Internet Interventions Designed for a Smartphone or Personal Computer: The MobileQuit Smoking Cessation Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2019Trial
- Implementation of a Web-Based Organ Donation Educational Intervention: Development and Use of a Refined Process Evaluation Model.Journal of medical Internet research · 2017Trial
- Web-Delivered CBT Reduces Heavy Drinking in OEF-OIF Veterans in Primary Care With Symptomatic Substance Use and PTSD.Behavior therapy · 2017Trial
- Effectiveness of a Web-Based Screening and Fully Automated Brief Motivational Intervention for Adolescent Substance Use: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2016Trial
- Engagement with a social networking intervention for cancer-related distress.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2015Trial
- Internet and Telephone Treatment for smoking cessation: mediators and moderators of short-term abstinence.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2015Trial
- Smoking-cessation e-referrals: a national dental practice-based research network randomized controlled trial.American journal of preventive medicine · 2014Trial
- Effects of a web-based tailored multiple-lifestyle intervention for adults: a two-year randomized controlled trial comparing sequential and simultaneous delivery modes.Journal of medical Internet research · 2014Trial
- Internet-based interventions for disordered gamblers: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial of online self-directed cognitive-behavioural motivational therapy.BMC public health · 2013Trial
- Effect of tailoring in an internet-based intervention for smoking cessation: randomized controlled trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2011Trial
- Utilization of services in a randomized trial testing phone- and web-based interventions for smoking cessation.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2011Trial
- Mechanisms of change in extended cognitive behavioral treatment for tobacco dependence.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2010Trial
- Collaborative Approach Between Health Professionals to Smoking Cessation Among Students in Albacete: A Peer-to-Peer Focus.Farmaceuticos comunitarios · 2026Article
- Predicting Early Dropout in a Digital Tobacco Cessation Intervention: Replication and Extension Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Article
- Optimizing Text Messages to Promote Engagement With Internet Smoking Cessation Treatment: Results From a Factorial Screening Experiment.Journal of medical Internet research · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimTo examine self-efficacy and program exposure as possible mediators observed treatment effects for a web-based tobacco cessation intervention.
designThe ChewFree trial used a two-arm design to compare tobacco abstinence at both the 3- and 6-month follow-up for participants randomized to either an enhanced intervention condition or a basic information-only control condition.
settingInternet in US and Canada.
participantsOur secondary analyses focused upon 402 participants who visited the web-based program at least once, whose baseline self-efficacy rating showed room for improvement, who reported that they were still using tobacco at the 6-week assessment, and for whom both 3- and 6-month follow-up data were available.
interventionAn enhanced web-based behavioral smokeless tobacco cessation intervention delivered program content using text, interactive activities, testimonial videos and an ask-an-expert forum and a peer forum. The basic control condition delivered tobacco cessation content using static text only. MEASUREMENTS: Change in self-efficacy and program exposure from baseline to 6 weeks were tested as simple and multiple mediators on the effect of treatment condition on point-prevalence tobacco abstinence measured at 3- and 6-month follow-up.
findingsWhile both participant self-efficacy and program exposure satisfied the requirements for simple mediation, only self-efficacy emerged as a mediator when we used the more robust test of multiple mediation.
conclusionsResults confirm the importance of self-efficacy change as a probable underlying mechanism in a successful web-based behavioral intervention. While program exposure was found to be a simple mediator of tobacco abstinence, it failed to emerge as a mediator when tested with self-efficacy change in a multiple mediator test suggesting that self-efficacy and program exposure share a complex, possibly reciprocal relationship with the tobacco abstinence outcome. Our results underscore the utility of searching for mediators in research on web-based interventions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.