ArticleCritical care (London, England)2008
Hyperosmotic stress enhances cytokine production and decreases phagocytosis in vitro.
Article in Critical care (London, England), 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glycemic variability improves risk prediction and reveals a mortality threshold in orthopedic trauma patients with sepsis.Journal of orthopaedics and traumatology : official journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology · 2026Article
- Elevated calculated serum osmolality during acute gout attacks is associated with pain severity and systemic ınflammation: a retrospective paired observational study.Rheumatology international · 2026Observational
- Article
- Association of Average Glucose and Glycemic Variability With 28-Day Mortality in Patients With Cardiac Arrest: A Retrospective Study.Journal of diabetes · 2025Article
- Precision Delivery of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Into the Pancreas Via Intra-arterial Injection Prevents the Onset of Diabetes.Stem cells translational medicine · 2024Article
- Mechanobiological Adaptation to Hyperosmolarity Enhances Barrier Function in Human Vascular Microphysiological System.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Association of Hypernatremia with Immune Profiles and Clinical Outcomes in Adult Intensive Care Unit Patients with Sepsis.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- A Bittersweet Response to Infection in Diabetes; Targeting Neutrophils to Modify Inflammation and Improve Host Immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- NGF receptors and PI3K/AKT pathway involved in glucose fluctuation-induced damage to neurons and α-lipoic acid treatment.BMC neuroscience · 2020Article
- A nanoelectronics-blood-based diagnostic biomarker for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS).Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- Modulation of Inflammatory Cytokines and Islet Morphology as Therapeutic Mechanisms ofToxicological research · 2018Article
- Reporting on Glucose Control Metrics in the Intensive Care Unit.European endocrinology · 2015Review
- Inhaled aerosolized insulin ameliorates hyperglycemia-induced inflammatory responses in the lungs in an experimental model of acute lung injury.Critical care (London, England) · 2013Article
- Parallel exploitation of diverse host nutrients enhances Salmonella virulence.PLoS pathogens · 2013Article
- Effects of fluctuating glucose levels on neuronal cells in vitro.Neurochemical research · 2012Article
- The role of hyperosmotic stress in inflammation and disease.Biomolecular concepts · 2012Article
- Upregulation of proinflammatory cytokine production in response to bacterial pathogen-associated molecular patterns in dogs with diabetes mellitus undergoing insulin therapy.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2012Article
- High glucose concentrations induce TNF-α production through the down-regulation of CD33 in primary human monocytes.BMC immunology · 2012Article
- Glycemic control in critically ill patients.World journal of critical care medicine · 2012Review
- Close relationship between strict blood glucose control, including suppression of blood glucose variability, and mortality reduction in acutely ill patients with glucose intolerance investigated by means of a bedside-type artificial pancreas.Journal of artificial organs : the official journal of the Japanese Society for Artificial Organs · 2010Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionHyperglycemia is associated with negative outcomes in various settings of critical illness; infectious complications, especially, seem to be increased. On the other hand, intensive insulin therapy (IIT) has been shown to improve outcome in clinical trials. Whether normoglycemia itself or the application of insulin is responsible for the observed findings is unknown. We therefore tested the effect of glucose and insulin on various immune functions in vitro.
methodsHuman peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were incubated ex vivo with low doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). PBMCs were incubated with various osmotic agents, insulin, or a combination of both. Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1 cytokine response was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, we investigated the effects of glucose on phagocytosis and oxidative burst in human granulocytes.
resultsIncreasing concentrations of both glucose and mannitol significantly enhanced LPS-induced cytokine production. Insulin alone did not alter cytokine production and had only a minor influence in combination with glucose. Phagocytosis and oxidative burst were significantly reduced with increasing concentrations of glucose and mannitol.
conclusionHyperglycemia may lead to inflammation by enhancing cytokine production via the direct effects of hyperosmotic stress. Impaired phagocytosis and oxidative burst under hyperglycemia may weaken defense mechanisms of the host. Our in vitro findings may help to explain the beneficial effects of IIT not only in diabetic but also in critically ill patients.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.