Trial reportCancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology2008
Pharmacokinetics of 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol, and 6-shogaol and conjugate metabolites in healthy human subjects.
Trial report in Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 115 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
115 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- 6-gingerol modulates lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and inflammation in NAFLD: evidence from a preclinical meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Trial
- Pilot clinical study of the effects of ginger root extract on eicosanoids in colonic mucosa of subjects at increased risk for colorectal cancer.Molecular carcinogenesis · 2015Trial
- Can ginger ameliorate chemotherapy-induced nausea? Protocol of a randomized double blind, placebo-controlled trial.BMC complementary and alternative medicine · 2014Trial
- Ginger consumption enhances the thermic effect of food and promotes feelings of satiety without affecting metabolic and hormonal parameters in overweight men: a pilot study.Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2012Trial
- Phase II study of the effects of ginger root extract on eicosanoids in colon mucosa in people at normal risk for colorectal cancer.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2011Trial
- Examination of the pharmacokinetics of active ingredients of ginger in humans.The AAPS journal · 2011Trial
- Article
- Bioactive Natural Compounds: A Review of Their Integration into Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2026Review
- 6-gingerol attenuates renal interstitial fibrosis by downregulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in unilateral ureteral obstruction rats.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- 8-Gingerol Mitigates MPPNeurochemical research · 2026Article
- 6-Shogaol fromInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Oral ginger-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorate arthritis via anti-inflammatory actions of microRNA-149 and 6-gingerol.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Current and emerging therapies for fungal biofilms and systemic infections.Critical reviews in microbiology · 2026Review
- Ginger and Its Purified Major Components Inhibit Clinically Relevant Uptake and Efflux Transporters In Vitro.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Phytochemicals: Principles and Practice.Biology · 2025Review
- Traditional Chinese medicine on epilepsy: focus on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors.Medical review (2021) · 2025Review
- Enhanced Cytotoxicity of [10]-Gingerol-Coumarin-Triazole Hybrid as a Theranostic Agent for Triple Negative Breast Cancer.ACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2025Article
- Article
- A mixture of ginger phenolic compounds enhances mitochondrial function, activates AMPK, and reduces lipid accumulation in adipocytes.PloS one · 2025Article
55 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGinger shows promising anticancer properties. No research has examined the pharmacokinetics of the ginger constituents 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol, and 6-shogaol in humans. We conducted a clinical trial with 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol, and 6-shogaol, examining the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of these analytes and their conjugate metabolites.
methodsHuman volunteers were given ginger at doses from 100 mg to 2.0 g (N = 27), and blood samples were obtained at 15 minutes to 72 hours after a single p.o. dose. The participants were allocated in a dose-escalation manner starting with 100 mg. There was a total of three participants at each dose except for 1.0 g (N = 6) and 2.0 g (N = 9).
resultsNo participant had detectable free 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol, or 6-shogaol, but 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol, and 6-shogaol glucuronides were detected. The 6-gingerol sulfate conjugate was detected above the 1.0-g dose, but there were no detectable 10-gingerol or 6-shogaol sulfates except for one participant with detectable 8-gingerol sulfate. The C(max) and area under the curve values (mean +/- SE) estimated for the 2.0-g dose are 0.85 +/- 0.43, 0.23 +/- 0.16, 0.53 +/- 0.40, and 0.15 +/- 0.12 microg/mL; and 65.6.33 +/- 44.4, 18.1 +/- 20.3, 50.1 +/- 49.3, and 10.9 +/- 13.0 microg x hr/mL for 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol, and 6-shogaol. The corresponding t(max) values are 65.6 +/- 44.4, 73.1 +/- 29.4, 75.0 +/- 27.8, and 65.6 +/- 22.6 minutes, and the analytes had elimination half-lives <2 hours. The 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol, and 6-shogaol conjugates were present as either glucuronide or sulfate conjugates, not as mixed conjugates, although 6-gingerol and 10-gingerol were an exception.
conclusionSix-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol, and 6-shogaol are absorbed after p.o. dosing and can be detected as glucuronide and sulfate conjugates.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.