Evidence map›Paper›PMID 18706769›Full record

SynthesisAddictive behaviors2008

Relapse to smoking after 1 year of abstinence: a meta-analysis.

John R Hughes, Erica N Peters, Shelly Naud

Abstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Addictive behaviors, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 98 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
98citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

98 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Do point prevalence and prolonged abstinence measures produce similar results in smoking cessation studies? A systematic review.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2010
    Pooled it
  6. Trial
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  8. Cost-effectiveness of enhancing a Quit-and-Win smoking cessation program for college students.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2018
    Trial
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  13. Relapse-Prevention Booklets as an Adjunct to a Tobacco Quitline: A Randomized Controlled Effectiveness Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2016
    Trial
  14. Trial
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  20. The effects of nicotine replacement on cognitive brain activity during smoking withdrawal studied with simultaneous fMRI/EEG.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2011
    Trial

38 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

John R HughesDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401, USA. john.hughes@uvm.edu
Erica N Peters
Shelly Naud

Funding

TRAINING IN BEHAV. PHARMACOLOGY OF HUMAN DRUG DEPENDENCET32DA007242 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT &ST AGRIC COLLEGE · PI HEIL, SARAH H, HIGGINS, STEPHEN T · 1990 to 2025
$8.2M
PHARMACOLOGY OF OPIOID RECEPTOR SUBTYPESR01DA007242 · NIDA · SLOAN-KETTERING INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RES · PI PAN, YING-XIAN · 1991 to 2022
$6.0M
PHARMACOLOGY OF OPIOID RECEPTOR SUBTYPESR37DA007242 · NIDA · SLOAN-KETTERING INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RES · PI PASTERNAK, GAVRIL W · 1996 to 2004
$1.5M
Research on Tobacco and Marijuana Cessation &ReductionK05DA000490 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT &ST AGRIC COLLEGE · PI HUGHES, JOHN R · 2000 to 2009
$1.4M
Interactions of cholecystokinin and mu opioid receptorsZ01DA000490 · NIDA · NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE · PI LUPICA, CARL · 2006 to 2008
$408k
Intramural NIH HHS Z01 DA000490NIDA NIH HHS DA-07242NIDA NIH HHS K05 DA000490NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA007242NIDA NIH HHS R37 DA007242NIDA NIH HHS T32 DA007242
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Most clinical trials use 6 months or 1 year follow-ups as proxies for life-time smoking cessation. Retrospective studies have estimated 2-15% of smokers relapse each year after the first year of abstinence, but these have methodological problems such as memory bias. We searched for prospective studies of adult quitters that reported the number of participants abstinent at 1 yr follow-up and who remained abstinent at >or=2 year follow-ups. We included studies that reported the percent which remained lapse-free, did not continue treatment after 1 year, and had <or=10% lost-to-follow-up. We did not locate any population-based studies but did locate eight randomized, controlled trials, all testing nicotine medications. After deleting one trial with outlier results, a meta-analysis estimated the annual incidence of relapse after 1 year to be 10%; however, the small sample sizes resulted in a wide 95% confidence interval (5-17%) suggesting this estimate is not very accurate. We conclude a non-significant amount of relapse occurs after 1 year. Better quantification of this relapse rate is important to improve estimates of life-long abstinence and reductions in morbidity and mortality from smoking cessation.

Indexed as

Confidence IntervalsFemaleHumansMaleProspective StudiesRecurrenceSmokingSmoking CessationTime Factors

Identifiers

PMID18706769
PMCPMC2577779

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.