ArticleFertility and sterility2009
Risk of urinary incontinence symptoms in oral contraceptive users: a national cohort study from the Swedish Twin Register.
Article in Fertility and sterility, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hormonal contraception and pelvic floor function: a systematic review.International urogynecology journal · 2016Pooled it
- Hormonal Contraception Use and Risk of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Conditions: Findings From the Boston Area Community Health Survey.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- Sexual Health Behaviors by Age 17 and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms at Age 19: PLUS Research Consortium Analysis of ALSPAC Data.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2023Article
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction: A Narrative Review.Research and reports in urology · 2020Review
- Hormonal Contraceptives, Female Sexual Dysfunction, and Managing Strategies: A Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2019Review
- The Current Evidence on the Association Between the Urinary Microbiome and Urinary Incontinence in Women.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Review
- Risk factors for urinary incontinence among postmenopausal Mexican women.International urogynecology journal · 2017Article
- Oral contraceptive use and incident urinary incontinence in premenopausal women.The Journal of urology · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo assess the impact of oral contraceptives on lower urinary tract dysfunction in premenopausal women.
designNationwide cohort study.
settingNational registry. PATIENT(S): A total of 10,791 women (born 1959-1985) from the population- based Swedish Twin Registry who participated in a web-based survey of common diseases. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Symptoms of urinary incontinence. RESULT(S): For users of oral contraception there was a significantly reduced risk for symptoms of stress urinary incontinence, mixed urinary incontinence, and urgency urinary incontinence. The reduction remained significant when adjusting for age, body mass index, and pregnancy history. A reduced prevalence of symptoms of overactive bladder in oral contraceptive users was also observed although the association was nonsignificant. There were no significant associations between lower urinary tract symptoms and women using a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device compared with noncontraceptive users, with the exception of nocturia. CONCLUSION(S): Oral contraceptive use reduces the overall risk for symptoms of urinary incontinence.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.