SynthesisAlzheimer disease and associated disorders
Cardiovascular risk factors and incident Alzheimer disease: a systematic review of the literature.
Synthesis in Alzheimer disease and associated disorders. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 90 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 182 citations in OpenAlex.
- Social class and the risk of dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prospective longitudinal studies.Scandinavian journal of public health · 2023Pooled it
- The efficacy of statins in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2020Pooled it
- Incidence of Dementia and Alzheimer Disease Over Time: A Meta-Analysis.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2019Pooled it
- The association between blood pressure and incident Alzheimer disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2011Pooled it
- Diagnostic criteria for vascular cognitive disorders: a VASCOG statement.Alzheimer disease and associated disordersGuideline
- Yoga as a Preventive Intervention for Cardiovascular Diseases and Associated Comorbidities: Open-Label Single Arm Study.Frontiers in public health · 2022Trial
- Midlife depressive symptoms, smoking status, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and obesity modify the association of long-term vascular risk factor variability from childhood with midlife cognitive function: The Bogalusa Heart Study.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2026Article
- Folate and global health: part 5. syntheses on neuropsychiatric disorders.Journal of global health · 2026Review
- Article
- Are Hippocampal Hypoperfusion and ATP Depletion Prime Movers in the Genesis of Alzheimer's Disease? A Review of Recent Pertinent Observations from Molecular Biology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Age-Period-Cohort analysis and 2036 projections of the burden of ischemic stroke in Finland, Korea, Singapore and China, 1990-2021.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Genetic variants for Alzheimer's disease and comorbid conditions.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of ischemic stroke, 1990-2021: an analysis of data from the global burden of disease study 2021.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Article
- Progress on early diagnosing Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers of medicine · 2024Review
- Machine learning and XAI approaches highlight the strong connection betweenScientific reports · 2024Article
- Applications of Artificial Intelligence in the Neuropsychological Assessment of Dementia: A Systematic Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
- Review
- Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Risk of Alzheimer Disease and Mortality: A Latent Class Approach.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Article
- A Large Retrospective Cohort Study on the Risk of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias in Association with Vascular Diseases and Cancer Therapy in Men with Prostate Cancer.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2023Article
- Risk factors for incidence of dementia in primary care practice: a retrospective cohort study in older adults.Family practice · 2022Article
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature of cardiovascular factors pertaining to incident Alzheimer disease (AD).
methodsA systematic literature review was conducted of all studies of cardiovascular risk factors for incident AD listed in PubMed in English from 2000 to 2007. Risk factors included hypertension, diabetes, exercise, alcohol intake, smoking, B complex vitamins, homocysteine, stroke, atrial fibrillation, apolipoprotein E (APOE), lipids, and diet. Inclusion criteria consisted of diagnoses of incident AD and longitudinal studies with cohorts of 500 or more.
resultsIndividual clinically defined risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes were not significantly associated with increased risk for AD. The strength of the association for hypertension could be considerably strengthened by changing criteria such as midlife measurements or using higher cutoffs for systolic blood pressure. APOE epsilon4 was the most consistent risk factor. Interactions between risk factors modify risk particularly for hypertension and diabetes. Interactions modifying risk were also found for exercise and physical function, APOE epsilon4, diabetes, and cholesterol.
conclusionsIn this review, the evidence that single clinically defined cardiovascular risk factors are significantly associated with incident AD is inconsistent at best. The strength of the association of cardiovascular risk factors and AD can be influenced greatly by changing the parameters of measurement of risk factors and by identifying interactions between the factors.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.