ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2008
Acquisition of classical CTX prophage from Vibrio cholerae O141 by El Tor strains aided by lytic phages and chitin-induced competence.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genomic diversity and clade clustering ofiScience · 2026Article
- Naturally competent bacteria and their genetic parasites-a battle for control over horizontal gene transfer?FEMS microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Manipulation of natural transformation by AbaR-type islands promotes fixation of antibiotic resistance inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Zooplankton act as cruise ships promoting the survival and pathogenicity of pathogenic bacteria.Microbiology and immunology · 2022Review
- Genomic dissection of theMicrobial genomics · 2022Article
- Genomic and Phenotypic Insights for Toxigenic Clinical Vibrio cholerae O141.Emerging infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Pandemic Vibrio cholerae shuts down site-specific recombination to retain an interbacterial defence mechanism.Nature communications · 2020Article
- Prophage-Dependent Neighbor Predation Fosters Horizontal Gene Transfer by Natural Transformation.mSphere · 2020Article
- Utilization of Small RNA Genes to DistinguishThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2019Article
- Conversion of aFrontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- Article
- Design and Construction ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- Replication ofProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2017Article
- Production of putative enhanced oral cholera vaccine strains that express toxin-coregulated pilus.PloS one · 2017Article
- CTXφ Replication Depends on the Histone-Like HU Protein and the UvrD Helicase.PLoS genetics · 2015Article
- RS1 satellite phage promotes diversity of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae by driving CTX prophage loss and elimination of lysogenic immunity.Infection and immunity · 2014Article
- Molecular insights into the evolutionary pathway of Vibrio cholerae O1 atypical El Tor variants.PLoS pathogens · 2014Article
- Comparative genomic and morphological analyses of Listeria phages isolated from farm environments.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2014Article
- Genomic and phenotypic characterization of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 isolates from a US Gulf Coast cholera outbreak.PloS one · 2014Article
- Competence and natural transformation in vibrios.Molecular microbiology · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The El Tor biotype of Vibrio cholerae O1, causing the current seventh pandemic of cholera, has replaced the classical biotype, which caused the sixth pandemic. The CTX prophages encoding cholera toxin in the two biotypes have distinct repressor (rstR) genes. Recently, new variants of El Tor strains that carry the classical type (CTX(class)) prophage have emerged. These "hybrid" strains apparently originate through lateral gene transfer and recombination events. To explore possible donors of the CTX(class) prophage and its mode of transfer, we tested environmental V. cholerae isolates for the presence of CTX(class) prophage and mobility of the phage genome. Of the 272 environmental V. cholerae isolates tested, 6 were found to carry the CTX(class) prophage; all of these belonged to the O141 serogroup. These O141 strains were unable to produce infectious CTX(class) phage or to transmit the prophage to recipient strains in the mouse model of infection; however, the CTX(class) prophage was acquired by El Tor strains when cultured with the O141 strains in microcosms composed of filtered environmental water, a chitin substrate, and a V. cholerae O141-specific bacteriophage. The CTX(class) prophage either coexisted with or replaced the resident CTX(ET) prophage, resulting in El Tor strains with CTX genotypes similar to those of the naturally occurring hybrid strains. Our results support a model involving phages and natural chitin substrate in the emergence of new variants of pathogenic V. cholerae. Furthermore, the O141 strains apparently represent an alternative reservoir of the CTX(class) phage genome, because the classical V. cholerae O1 strains are possibly extinct.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.