ReviewAmerican journal of physiology. Cell physiology2008
Radical-free biology of oxidative stress.
Review in American journal of physiology. Cell physiology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 524 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
524 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,190 citations in OpenAlex.
- Natural antioxidant substances improve oxidative stress and alleviate ulcerative colitis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- A Review ofNutrients · 2019Pooled it
- Nrf2 and STAT3 Pathways in Protecting Against Methylmercury-Induced Oxidative Stress in Hypothalamic Neuronal GT1-7 Cells.Neurochemical research · 2026Article
- Glutathione Relevance in the Response of CiliateBiology · 2026Article
- Biomechanics and Oxidative Stress: An Integrative Review of the Redox-Mechanobiological Axis and the Role of Trace Elements in Disease.Biological trace element research · 2026Review
- Reactive Oxygen Species in Breast Cancer: From Redox Dysregulation to ROS-Responsive Therapeutics.Cell biochemistry and function · 2026Review
- Cisplatin and ε-Viniferin Synergistically Modulate Oxidative Stress in HeLa Cells: Implications for Redox Modulation in Cervical Cancer Cells.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Effects of Hesperidin on the Intestinal Histological Structure, Goblet Cells, Tight Junction Proteins, and Nickel (NiClBiological trace element research · 2026Article
- Article
- Photo- and Immunotherapy Interface: Can Dendritic Cell Vaccines Overcome the Limitations of PDT?Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Update: Is exercise-induced oxidative stress a friend or foe?Sports medicine and health science · 2026Review
- Serum oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA, SOD, GSH-PX) and IL-6/TNF-α ratio as biochemical indicators of disease progression in pediatric cariogenic pulpitis.Journal of medical biochemistry · 2026Article
- Article
- Associations of oxidative balance score with mortality and cardiovascular events: cohort study from NHANES and UK Biobank.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Next-Generation Antioxidants in Cardiovascular Disease: Mechanistic Insights and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- GPX3 improves endometrial receptivity by inhibiting ferroptosis via the Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway in sows.Zoological research · 2026Article
- Cardiotoxicity induced by traditional chemotherapy: mechanisms and mitigation strategies.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Review
- Taurine and glutamine supplementation in aging: systemic mechanisms, exercise interactions, and modulation of muscular and neurobiological pathways.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Physiological responses and gut microbiota dynamics in beef cattle following transport stress syndrome with melatonin or dexmedetomidine administration.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Exploring the neuroprotective potential of ligustrazine: a preclinical meta-analysis and machine learning perspective on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
464 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Free radical-induced macromolecular damage has been studied extensively as a mechanism of oxidative stress, but large-scale intervention trials with free radical scavenging antioxidant supplements show little benefit in humans. The present review summarizes data supporting a complementary hypothesis for oxidative stress in disease that can occur without free radicals. This hypothesis, which is termed the "redox hypothesis," is that oxidative stress occurs as a consequence of disruption of thiol redox circuits, which normally function in cell signaling and physiological regulation. The redox states of thiol systems are sensitive to two-electron oxidants and controlled by the thioredoxins (Trx), glutathione (GSH), and cysteine (Cys). Trx and GSH systems are maintained under stable, but nonequilibrium conditions, due to a continuous oxidation of cell thiols at a rate of about 0.5% of the total thiol pool per minute. Redox-sensitive thiols are critical for signal transduction (e.g., H-Ras, PTP-1B), transcription factor binding to DNA (e.g., Nrf-2, nuclear factor-kappaB), receptor activation (e.g., alphaIIbbeta3 integrin in platelet activation), and other processes. Nonradical oxidants, including peroxides, aldehydes, quinones, and epoxides, are generated enzymatically from both endogenous and exogenous precursors and do not require free radicals as intermediates to oxidize or modify these thiols. Because of the nonequilibrium conditions in the thiol pathways, aberrant generation of nonradical oxidants at rates comparable to normal oxidation may be sufficient to disrupt function. Considerable opportunity exists to elucidate specific thiol control pathways and develop interventional strategies to restore normal redox control and protect against oxidative stress in aging and age-related disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.