ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2008
CD28 costimulation is essential for human T regulatory expansion and function.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 96 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
96 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 165 citations in OpenAlex.
- In or out of control: Modulating regulatory T cell homeostasis and function with immune checkpoint pathways.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- CD25 blockade depletes and selectively reprograms regulatory T cells in concert with immunotherapy in cancer patients.Science translational medicine · 2012Trial
- Isolation and expansion of human natural T regulatory cells for cellular therapy.Journal of immunological methods · 2010Trial
- Cell-derived Nanoparticles Provide a Robust Platform to Manufacture Therapeutic T cells.Research square · 2026Article
- Revolutionizing Allogeneic Graft Tolerance Through Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T Regulatory Cells.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Expression of an interleukin-2 partial agonist enhances regulatory T cell persistence and efficacy in mouse autoimmune models.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Gene-modified NK cells expressing CD64 and preloaded with HIV-specific BNAbs target autologous HIV-1-infected CD4+ T cells by ADCC.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Article
- Navigating the manufacturing, testing and regulatory complexities of regulatory T cells for adoptive cell therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Opto-CD28-REACT: optogenetic co-stimulatory receptor activation on non-engineered human T cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Mesenchymal stromal cells with chimaeric antigen receptors for enhanced immunosuppression.Nature biomedical engineering · 2024Article
- Cytokine and T cell responses in post-chikungunya viral arthritis: A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2024Article
- The Natural History of Post-Chikungunya Viral Arthritis Disease Activity and T-cell Immunology: A Cohort Study.Journal of cellular immunology · 2024Article
- Obese visceral adipose dendritic cells downregulate regulatory T cell development through IL-33.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- T-regulatory cells require Sin3a for stable expression of Foxp3.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Clinical Manufacturing of Regulatory T Cell Products For Adoptive Cell Therapy and Strategies to Improve Therapeutic Efficacy.Organogenesis · 2023Review
- Tregs integrate native and CAR-mediated costimulatory signals for control of allograft rejection.JCI insight · 2023Article
- Single-cell analysis of immune cells on gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells in experimental autoimmune uveitis.iScience · 2023Article
- Regulatory T cells as a therapeutic approach for inflammatory bowel disease.European journal of immunology · 2023Review
- HIV-1-Infected CD4Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Article
36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The costimulatory requirements required for peripheral blood T regulatory cells (Tregs) are unclear. Using cell-based artificial APCs we found that CD28 but not ICOS, OX40, 4-1BB, CD27, or CD40 ligand costimulation maintained high levels of Foxp3 expression and in vitro suppressive function. Only CD28 costimulation in the presence of rapamycin consistently generated Tregs that consistently suppressed xenogeneic graft-vs-host disease in immunodeficient mice. Restimulation of Tregs after 8-12 days of culture with CD28 costimulation in the presence of rapamycin resulted in >1000-fold expansion of Tregs in <3 wk. Next, we determined whether other costimulatory pathways could augment the replicative potential of CD28-costimulated Tregs. We observed that while OX40 costimulation augmented the proliferative capacity of CD28-costimulated Tregs, Foxp3 expression and suppressive function were diminished. These studies indicate that the costimulatory requirements for expanding Tregs differ from those for T effector cells and, furthermore, they extend findings from mouse Tregs to demonstrate that human postthymic Tregs require CD28 costimulation to expand and maintain potent suppressive function in vivo.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.