ArticleAmerican journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism2008
Leucine stimulates protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs by enhancing mTORC1 activation.
Article in American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 169 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluating the Leucine Trigger Hypothesis to Explain the Post-prandial Regulation of Muscle Protein Synthesis in Young and Older Adults: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Investigating the Digestibility, Bioavailability and Utilization of Protein Blends in Older Adults Using a Dual Stable Isotope Tracer Technique.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- The impact of leucine supplementation on body composition and glucose tolerance following energy restriction: an 8-week RCT in adults at risk of the metabolic syndrome.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Rapamycin does not affect post-absorptive protein metabolism in human skeletal muscle.Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2013Trial
- Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 activation is required for the stimulation of human skeletal muscle protein synthesis by essential amino acids.The Journal of nutrition · 2011Trial
- Feeding rapidly stimulates protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs by enhancing translation initiation.The Journal of nutrition · 2009Trial
- Exploratory assessment of N-carbamylglutamate supplementation on feed efficiency and protein utilization in early growing pigs fed low crude protein diet.Journal of animal science and technology · 2026Article
- Alaska pollock protein as a functional dietary source for promoting skeletal muscle hypertrophy and lipid metabolic remodeling.PloS one · 2026Article
- Angel or demon? The dual role of branched-chain amino acids in chronic inflammatory and injury-related diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- FGF19 in Solid Tumors: Molecular Mechanisms, Metabolic Reprogramming, and Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities.Theranostics · 2026Review
- Treatment with L-type amino acid transporter 1 inhibitor JPH203 enhances protein synthesis in C2C12 myotubes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Protein lipoylation in cancer: metabolic reprogramming and therapeutic potential.Cell death discovery · 2025Review
- Glycine Supplementation Enhances the Growth of Sow-Reared Piglets with Intrauterine Growth Restriction.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Intrauterine growth restriction, defined by an elevated brain-to-liver weight ratio, affects faecal microbiota composition and, to a lesser extent, plasma metabolome profile at different ages in pigs.Animal microbiome · 2025Article
- Metabolomic and lipidomic insights into the impact ofComputational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- Recovery after Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Subjects Following a Vegetarian or Mixed Diet.Nutrients · 2024Article
- EPA and DHA promote cell proliferation and enhance activity of the Akt-TOR-S6K anabolic signaling pathway in primary muscle cells of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.).Fish physiology and biochemistry · 2024Article
- Transcriptional Signatures of Domestication Revealed through Meta-Analysis of Pig, Chicken, Wild Boar, and Red Junglefowl Gene Expression Data.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Reconsidering the pre-eminence of dietary leucine and plasma leucinemia for predicting the stimulation of postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Article
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Skeletal muscle in the neonate grows at a rapid rate due in part to an enhanced sensitivity to the postprandial rise in amino acids, particularly leucine. To elucidate the molecular mechanism by which leucine stimulates protein synthesis in neonatal muscle, overnight-fasted 7-day-old piglets were treated with rapamycin [an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex (mTORC)1] for 1 h and then infused with leucine for 1 h. Fractional rates of protein synthesis and activation of signaling components that lead to mRNA translation were determined in skeletal muscle. Rapamycin completely blocked leucine-induced muscle protein synthesis. Rapamycin markedly reduced raptor-mTOR association, an indicator of mTORC1 activation. Rapamycin blocked the leucine-induced phosphorylation of mTOR, S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), and eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)4E-binding protein-1 (4E-BP1) and formation of the eIF4E.eIF4G complex and increased eIF4E.4E-BP1 complex abundance. Rapamycin had no effect on the association of mTOR with rictor, a crucial component for mTORC2 activation, or G protein beta-subunit-like protein (GbetaL), a component of mTORC1 and mTORC2. Neither leucine nor rapamycin affected the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), PKB, or tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)2, signaling components that reside upstream of mTOR. Eukaryotic elongation factor (eEF)2 phosphorylation was not affected by leucine or rapamycin, although current dogma indicates that eEF2 phosphorylation is mTOR dependent. Together, these in vivo data suggest that leucine stimulates muscle protein synthesis in neonates by enhancing mTORC1 activation and its downstream effectors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.