ArticleBMC infectious diseases2008
The recent-transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains among Iranian and Afghan relapse cases: a DNA-fingerprinting using RFLP and spoligotyping.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Genotypic diversity of multi- and extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Health condition of Afghan refugees residing in Iran in comparison to Germany: a systematic review of empirical studies.International journal for equity in health · 2023Pooled it
- Variation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis population structure in Iran: a systemic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Pooled it
- Determination of genetic diversity of multidrug-resistantPathogens and global health · 2023Article
- There is significant relationship between Beijing genotype family strains and resistance to the first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs in the Iranian population.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2020Article
- Role of Immigration in Tuberculosis Transmission to Iran: A Systematic Review.International journal of preventive medicine · 2020Review
- Challenge in direct Spoligotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a problematic issue in the region with high prevalence of polyclonal infections.BMC research notes · 2018Article
- Migration and tuberculosis transmission in a middle-income country: a cross-sectional study in a central area of São Paulo, Brazil.BMC medicine · 2018Article
- Tuberculosis Control and Role of Molecular Epidemiology Studies in Iran: A Systematic Review.Tanaffos · 2017Article
- Molecular typing methods used in studies ofIranian journal of microbiology · 2016Review
- First-Line Anti-Tubercular Drug Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in IRAN: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in microbiology · 2016Review
- Prevalence and occurrence rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Haarlem family multi-drug resistant in the worldwide population: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2015Review
- Major infectious diseases affecting the Afghan immigrant population of Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Epidemiology and health · 2015Review
- Lessons from the profile of kidney diseases among Afghan refugees.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2014Article
- Estimation of Recent Transmission of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Strains among Iranian and Afghan Immigrants: A Cluster-Based Study.Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR · 2014Article
- Extensive Genetic Diversity among Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Central Province of Iran.Tuberculosis research and treatment · 2014Article
- Determining the Latent Tuberculosis Infection by IFN - γ Elispot Assay in Healthcare Workers From University Hospitals of Shiraz, South West of Iran.Iranian Red Crescent medical journal · 2013Article
- CD271(+) bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells may provide a niche for dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Science translational medicine · 2013Article
- Article
- A retrospective study of demographic parameters and major health referrals among Afghan refugees in Iran.International journal for equity in health · 2012Article
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12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRelapse of tuberculosis (TB) may develop as the result of reactivation of the endogenous primary infection, or as a result of a exogenous reinfection. This survey evaluated the rate of reactivation versus recent transmission among Iranian and Afghan relapse cases.
methodsThe sputum specimens were digested, examined microscopically for acid-fast bacilli, and inoculated into Löwenstein-Jensen slants by standard procedures. Thereafter, the susceptibility and identification tests were performed on culture positive specimens. Subsequently, the strains that were identified as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (258 isolates) were subjected to IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and spoligotyping. Additional patient's information was collected for further epidemiological analysis. Patients whose isolates had identical genotyping patterns were considered a cluster with recent transmission episode.
resultsOut of 258 available isolates, 72(28%) had multi-drug resistant (MDR-TB) in ratio and 42 (16.2%) had other resistant. Notably, 38 of MDR-TB cases (52%) were isolated from Afghan patients. By IS6110-RFLP typing method, 65 patients (25%) were clustered in 29 clusters. In cluster cases, the intra-community transmissions between Iranian and Afghan patients were 41%. All MDR-TB patients in clusters had either Haarlem I or Beijing characteristic. The risk factors like sex, family history, close contact, living condition, PPD test result and site of TB infection were not associated with clustering. Although, the MDR-TB strains were more frequent in non-cluster cases (31%) than cluster one(18%) (P < 0.05). Majority of M. tuberculosis strains isolated from non-cluster cases were belong to EAI3 (51; 30%) and CASI(32;18.6%) superfamilies.
conclusionDuring the studied period, reactivation of a previous infection remain the more probable cause of recurrence. Although, the evidence of intra- community transmission between Iranian and Afghan TB cases, highlighted the impact of afghan immigrants in national tuberculosis control program (NTP) of Iran.
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