ArticleInfection and immunity2008
The anthrax vaccine adsorbed vaccine generates protective antigen (PA)-Specific CD4+ T cells with a phenotype distinct from that of naive PA T cells.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- Human leukocyte antigens and cellular immune responses to anthrax vaccine adsorbed.Infection and immunity · 2013Trial
- The detection of long-lasting memory foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus serotype O-specific CD4Immunology · 2021Article
- Anthrax toxin component, Protective Antigen, protects insects from bacterial infections.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- Unexpected human cases of cutaneous anthrax in Latium region, Italy, August 2017: integrated human-animal investigation of epidemiological, clinical, microbiological and ecological factors.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2019Article
- A bivalent protein r-PB, comprising PA and BclA immunodominant regions for comprehensive protection against Bacillus anthracis.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Natural cutaneous anthrax infection, but not vaccination, induces a CD4(+) T cell response involving diverse cytokines.Cell & bioscience · 2015Article
- Article
- The IL-23/Th17 axis is involved in the adaptive immune response to Bacillus anthracis in humans.European journal of immunology · 2014Article
- CD4+ T cells recognize diverse epitopes within GAD65: implications for repertoire development and diabetes monitoring.Immunology · 2013Article
- A three-dose intramuscular injection schedule of anthrax vaccine adsorbed generates sustained humoral and cellular immune responses to protective antigen and provides long-term protection against inhalation anthrax in rhesus macaques.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2012Article
- Review
- MHC class II tetramers.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2012Review
- Frequency of epitope-specific naive CD4(+) T cells correlates with immunodominance in the human memory repertoire.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2012Article
- CD1d-dependent B-cell help by NK-like T cells leads to enhanced and sustained production of Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin-neutralizing antibodies.Infection and immunity · 2010Article
- Searching immunodominant epitopes prior to epidemic: HLA class II-restricted SARS-CoV spike protein epitopes in unexposed individuals.International immunology · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Cellular immune responses against protective antigen (PA) of Bacillus anthracis in subjects that received the anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA) vaccine were examined. Multiple CD4(+) T-cell epitopes within PA were identified by using tetramer-guided epitope mapping. PA-reactive CD4(+) T cells with a CD45RA(-) phenotype were also detected by direct ex vivo staining of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with PA-specific tetramers. Surprisingly, PA-specific T cells were also detected in PBMC of nonvaccinees after a single cycle of in vitro PA stimulation. However, PA-reactive CD4(+) T cells in nonvaccinees occurred at lower frequencies than those in vaccinees. The majority of PA-reactive T cells from nonvaccinees were CD45RA(+) and exhibited a Th0/Th1 cytokine profile. In contrast, phenotyping and cytokine profile analyses of PA-reactive CD4(+) T cells from vaccinees indicated that vaccination leads to commitment of PA-reactive T cells to a Th2 lineage, including generation of PA-specific, pre-Th2 central memory T cells. These results demonstrate that the current AVA vaccine is effective in skewing the development of PA CD4(+) T cells to the Th2 lineage. The data also demonstrated the feasibility of using class II tetramers to analyze CD4(+) cell responses and lineage development after vaccination.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.