ArticleInfection and immunity2008
Immunization with Vibrio cholerae outer membrane vesicles induces protective immunity in mice.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed, 177 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in Biomedical Research and Clinical Translation.Microbial biotechnology · 2026Review
- Engineering Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles as Nanoweapons to Fight against Bacterial Infections.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- Outer membrane vesicles inMicrobial cell (Graz, Austria) · 2026Article
- Bridging biology and therapy: translational advances of extracellular vesicles in veterinary clinical practice.Veterinary research communications · 2025Review
- Bioengineering Outer-Membrane Vesicles for Vaccine Development: Strategies, Advances, and Perspectives.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Outer membrane vesicles in gram-negative bacteria and its correlation with pathogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Immune Responses Elicited by Outer Membrane Vesicles of Gram-Negative Bacteria: Important Players in Vaccine Development.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Adjuvants forVirulence · 2024Review
- From ancient remedies to modern miracles: tracing the evolution of vaccines and their impact on public health.3 Biotech · 2024Review
- The activity of the quorum sensing regulator HapR is modulated by the bacterial extracellular vesicle (BEV)-associated protein ObfA of Vibrio cholerae.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2024Article
- Outer Membrane Vesicle Vaccine Platforms.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2024Review
- Article
- Emerging role of extracellular vesicles in veterinary practice: novel opportunities and potential challenges.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Review
- Bacterial outer membrane vesicles bound to bacteriophages modulate neutrophil responses to bacterial infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Review
- A bacterial outer membrane vesicle-based click vaccine elicits potent immune response againstFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Review
- Materials-based vaccines for infectious diseases.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology · 2022Review
- Extracellular Vesicles-Oral Therapeutics of the Future.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Resistance is futile? Mucosal immune mechanisms in the context of microbial ecology and evolution.Mucosal immunology · 2022Review
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae releases outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) during growth. In this study, we immunized female mice by the intranasal, intragastric, or intraperitoneal route with purified OMVs derived from V. cholerae. Independent of the route of immunization, mice induced specific, high-titer immune responses of similar levels against a variety of antigens present in the OMVs. After the last immunization, the half-maximum total immunoglobulin titer was stable over a 3-month period, indicating that the immune response was long lasting. The induction of specific isotypes, however, was dependent on the immunization route. Immunoglobulin A, for example, was induced to a significant level only by mucosal immunization, with the intranasal route generating the highest titers. We challenged the offspring of immunized female mice with V. cholerae via the oral route in two consecutive periods, approximately 30 and 95 days after the last immunization. Regardless of the route of immunization, the offspring was protected against colonization with V. cholerae in both challenge periods. Our results show that mucosal immunizations via both routes with OMVs derived from V. cholerae induce long-term protective immune responses against this gastrointestinal pathogen. These findings may contribute to the development of "nonliving," OMV-based vaccines against V. cholerae and other enteric pathogens, using the oral or intranasal route of immunization.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.