ArticleMolecular and cellular biology2008
Apoptosis and autophagy induction in mammalian cells by small interfering RNA knockdown of mRNA capping enzymes.
Article in Molecular and cellular biology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- RNA modifications in health and disease: from mechanistic insights to therapeutic applications.Precision clinical medicine · 2025Review
- CYFIP1 coordinate with RNMT to induce osteosarcoma cuproptosis via AURKAIP1 m7G modification.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Characterisation of RNA guanine-7 methyltransferase (RNMT) using a small molecule approach.The Biochemical journal · 2025Article
- eIF4E orchestrates mRNA processing, RNA export and translation to modify specific protein production.Nucleus (Austin, Tex.) · 2024Review
- Ceg1 depletion reveals mechanisms governing degradation of non-capped RNAs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Communications biology · 2023Article
- The potential role of NJournal of hematology & oncology · 2022Review
- Anomalous HIV-1 RNA, How Cap-Methylation Segregates Viral Transcripts by Form and Function.Viruses · 2022Review
- Identification and Characterization of the Interaction Between the Methyl-7-Guanosine Cap Maturation Enzyme RNMT and the Cap-Binding Protein eIF4E.Journal of molecular biology · 2022Article
- Prognostic value of 12 m7G methylation-related miRNA markers and their correlation with immune infiltration in breast cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Review
- Upregulation of RNA cap methyltransferase RNMT drives ribosome biogenesis during T cell activation.Nucleic acids research · 2021Article
- To cap it all off, again: dynamic capping and recapping of coding and non-coding RNAs to control transcript fate and biological activity.Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) · 2021Review
- The eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E elevates steady-state mProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Oncogenic PIK3CA mutations increase dependency on the mRNA cap methyltransferase, RNMT, in breast cancer cells.Open biology · 2019Article
- RNA-binding proteins and heat-shock protein 90 are constituents of the cytoplasmic capping enzyme interactome.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2018Article
- Cross-talk between protein synthesis, energy metabolism and autophagy in cancer.Current opinion in genetics & development · 2018Review
- c-Myc deregulation induces mRNA capping enzyme dependency.Oncotarget · 2016Article
- mRNA Cap Methylation in Pluripotency and Differentiation.Cell reports · 2016Article
- Rasfonin promotes autophagy and apoptosis via upregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/JNK pathway.Mycology · 2016Article
- Discovery of m(7)G-cap in eukaryotic mRNAs.Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and biological sciences · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Addition of a 5' cap to RNA polymerase II transcripts, the first step of pre-mRNA processing in eukaryotes from yeasts to mammals, is catalyzed by the sequential action of RNA triphosphatase, guanylyltransferase, and (guanine-N-7)methyltransferase. The effects of knockdown of these capping enzymes in mammalian cells were investigated using T7 RNA polymerase-synthesized small interfering RNA and also a lentivirus-based inducible, short hairpin RNA system. Decreasing either guanylyltransferase or methyltransferase resulted in caspase-3 activation and elevated terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining characteristic of apoptosis. Induction of apoptosis was independent of p53 tumor suppressor but dependent on BAK or BAX. In addition, levels of the BH3 family member Bim increased, while Mcl-1 and Bik levels remained unchanged during apoptosis. In contrast to capping enzyme knockdown, apoptosis induced by cycloheximide inhibition of protein synthesis required BAK but not BAX. Both Bim and Mcl-1 levels decreased in cycloheximide-induced apoptosis while Bik levels were unchanged, suggesting that apoptosis in siRNA-treated cells is not a direct consequence of loss of mRNA translation. siRNA-treated BAK(-/-) BAX(-/-) double-knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts failed to activate capase-3 or increase TUNEL staining but instead exhibited autophagy, as demonstrated by proteolytic processing of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and translocation of transfected green fluorescent protein-LC3 from the nucleus to punctate cytoplasmic structures.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.