ReviewDrug and alcohol dependence2008
Smoking and suicide: a brief overview.
Review in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 233 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of Coffee and Energy Drink Intake with Suicide Attempts and Suicide Ideation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Proposal for the Inclusion of Tobacco Use in Suicide Risk Scales: Results of a Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Substance use and suicidal ideation and behaviour in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2018Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Antidepressants for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2014Pooled it
- Predictors of Neuropsychiatric Adverse Events with Smoking Cessation Medications in the Randomized Controlled EAGLES Trial.Journal of general internal medicine · 2019Trial
- Suicide and Other-Cause Mortality after Early Exposure to Smoking and Second Hand Smoking: A 12-Year Population-Based Follow-Up Study.PloS one · 2015Trial
- Smoking status and the onset of suicidal ideation among adults in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic.Annals of general psychiatry · 2025Article
- The hidden risk factors behind of suicidal behavior in medical students: a cross-sectional cohort study in Mexico.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Does the Path From Cigarette Smoking to Suicide Death Go Through the Hospital? A Causal Mediation Analysis in a National Canadian Sample.Tobacco use insights · 2025Article
- Suicide mortality following the implementation of tobacco packaging and pricing policies in Korea: an interrupted time-series analysis.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- Associations of Changes in Alcohol Consumption on the Risk of Depression/Suicide Among Initial Nondrinkers.Depression and anxiety · 2024Article
- Association between secondhand smoke exposure and anxiety among adolescents: A nationwide cross-sectional study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- Identifying long-term and imminent suicide predictors in a general population and a clinical sample with machine learning.BMC psychiatry · 2022Article
- ZnO Tips Dotted with Au Nanoparticles-Advanced SERS Determination of Trace Nicotine.Biosensors · 2021Article
- Multi-environment gene interactions linked to the interplay between polysubstance dependence and suicidality.Translational psychiatry · 2021Article
- Lifestyle Behaviors and Suicide-Related Behaviors in Adolescents: Cross-Sectional Study Using the 2019 YRBS Data.Frontiers in public health · 2021Article
- Association of heated tobacco product use and secondhand smoke exposure with suicidal ideation, suicide plans and suicide attempts among Korean adolescents: A 2019 national survey.Tobacco induced diseases · 2021Review
- Correlates to Lifetime Suicide Attempts, Thoughts, and Planning Behaviors Among African American Transgender Individuals.The journal of primary prevention · 2020Article
- Examining the effect of smoking on suicidal ideation and attempts: triangulation of epidemiological approaches.The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · 2020Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
This article provides a brief overview of the rationales, possible mechanisms and epidemiological data on the association of smoking, smoking cessation and cessation medications with suicide. Current smoking is reliably associated with suicide both in case-control and cohort studies. The three most plausible (but relatively untested) explanations for the association are that smokers have pre-existing conditions that increase their risk for suicide, smoking causes painful and debilitating conditions that might lead to suicide, and smoking decreases serotonin and monoamine oxidase levels. Stopping smoking appears to lead to major depression in some smokers; thus, it could induce suicide; however, smoking cessation has not been associated with suicide in the few studies available. Regulatory agencies have stated bupropion, rimonabant and varenicline appear to be associated with suicide; however, the data for these statements have not been presented in sufficient detail to assess their validity. Most prior data have come from post hoc analyses. Studies that a priori focus on understanding smoking and suicide are now needed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.