ArticlePlacenta2008
Modeling the variability of shapes of a human placenta.
Article in Placenta, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Impact of Maternal Metabolic Syndrome on Gross Placental Structure in Term Pregnancies: A Comparative Study.Cureus · 2026Article
- Placenta segmentation redefined: review of deep learning integration of magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound imaging.Visual computing for industry, biomedicine, and art · 2025Review
- Association of placenta weight and morphology with term low birth weight: A case-control study.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2025Article
- Cross-modal contrastive learning for unified placenta analysis using photographs.Patterns (New York, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Risk Factors of Marginal Cord Insertion in Singleton Pregnancies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- A flexible generative algorithm for growing in silico placentas.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- NLRP3 Inflammasome in the Pathogenesis of Miscarriages.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- A proteomic profile of the healthy human placenta.Clinical proteomics · 2023Review
- Association of maternal thyroid peroxidase antibody during pregnancy with placental morphology and inflammatory and oxidative stress responses.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Allometric scaling relationships in mouse placenta.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2022Article
- Placental morphology in association with autism-related traits in the EARLI study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Article
- Marginal cord insertion among singleton births at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2021Article
- Placental and Umbilical Cord Indices and Their Association with Fetal Distress in Hadiya Zone Public Hospitals, Southern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of general medicine · 2021Article
- Risk Factors of Anomalous Cord Insertion Among Singleton Births at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: An Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Study.Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics · 2021Article
- AI-PLAX: AI-based placental assessment and examination using photos.Computerized medical imaging and graphics : the official journal of the Computerized Medical Imaging Society · 2020Article
- Placental growth disorders and perinatal adverse outcomes in Brazilian HIV-infected pregnant women.PloS one · 2020Article
- Gestational growth trajectories derived from a dynamic fetal-placental scaling law.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2019Article
- Placental metal concentrations in relation to placental growth, efficiency and birth weight.Environment international · 2019Article
- Blood flow and transport in the human placenta.Annual review of fluid mechanics · 2019Article
- Nutrition in the First 1000 Days: Ten Practices to Minimize Obesity Emerging from Published Science.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPlacentas are generally round/oval in shape, but "irregular" shapes are common. In the Collaborative Perinatal Project data, irregular shapes were associated with lower birth weight for placental weight, suggesting variably shaped placentas have altered function.
methods(I) Using a 3D one-parameter model of placental vascular growth based on Diffusion Limited Aggregation (an accepted model for generating highly branched fractals), models were run with a branching density growth parameter either fixed or perturbed at either 5-7% or 50% of model growth. (II) In a data set with detailed measures of 1207 placental perimeters, radial standard deviations of placental shapes were calculated from the umbilical cord insertion, and from the centroid of the shape (a biologically arbitrary point). These two were compared to the difference between the observed scaling exponent and the Kleiber scaling exponent (0.75), considered optimal for vascular fractal transport systems. Spearman's rank correlation considered p<0.05 significant.
results(I) Unperturbed, random values of the growth parameter created round/oval fractal shapes. Perturbation at 5-7% of model growth created multilobate shapes, while perturbation at 50% of model growth created "star-shaped" fractals. (II) The radial standard deviation of the perimeter from the umbilical cord (but not from the centroid) was associated with differences from the Kleiber exponent (p=0.006).
conclusionsA dynamical DLA model recapitulates multilobate and "star" placental shapes via changing fractal branching density. We suggest that (1) irregular placental outlines reflect deformation of the underlying placental fractal vascular network, (2) such irregularities in placental outline indicate sub-optimal branching structure of the vascular tree, and (3) this accounts for the lower birth weight observed in non-round/oval placentas in the Collaborative Perinatal Project.
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Registered trials
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