ArticleInternational journal of cardiology2009
Low serum magnesium and cardiovascular mortality in chronic heart failure: a propensity-matched study.
Article in International journal of cardiology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association of serum magnesium and mortality outcomes in heart failure patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Medicine · 2016Pooled it
- Magnesium and the risk of cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.PloS one · 2013Pooled it
- Esaxerenone versus angiotensin II receptor blockers as second-line therapy in older Japanese patients with uncontrolled hypertension on calcium channel blockers: the randomized, open-label ESCORT-HT study.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Trial
- Effect of N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide levels on the efficacy and safety of esaxerenone vs trichlormethiazide for the treatment of Japanese patients with uncontrolled essential hypertension: a subanalysis of the EXCITE-HT study.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Trial
- Calcium, magnesium and potassium intake and mortality in women with heart failure: the Women's Health Initiative.The British journal of nutrition · 2013Trial
- Gender-related dissociation in outcomes in chronic heart failure: reduced mortality but similar hospitalization in women.International journal of cardiology · 2011Trial
- Hypokalemia and outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure and chronic kidney disease: findings from propensity-matched studies.Circulation. Heart failure · 2010Trial
- Age-stratified efficacy and safety of esaxerenone versus angiotensin II receptor blockers in older patients with hypertension: a predefined subanalysis of the ESCORT-HT study.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Article
- Serum Magnesium and Outcomes in U.S. Veterans with Heart Failure.The American journal of medicine · 2026Article
- Prognostic markers in pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy: Focus on the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and the systemic inflammatory index.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2025Article
- Association Between Over-the-Counter Magnesium Supplement Use and Health Outcomes in Veterans with Newly Diagnosed Heart Failure.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Association Between Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate and All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Acute Heart Failure: A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study in MIMIC-IV.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Association between magnesium oxide use and readmission risk in patients with heart failure and constipation.Journal of pharmaceutical health care and sciences · 2025Article
- Upper normal serum magnesium is associated with a reduction in incident death from fatal heart failure, coronary heart disease and stroke in non-dialysis patients with CKD stages 4 and 5.Clinical kidney journal · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a novel combinatorial nomogram model to predict in-hospital deaths in heart failure patients.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2024Article
- [Magnesium: Relevance for general practitioners - a position paper of the Society for Magnesium Research e. V.]Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) · 2020Article
- The ECG Characteristics of Patients With Isolated Hypomagnesemia.Frontiers in physiology · 2020Article
- Clinical significance of serum magnesium levels in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.Medicine · 2019Observational
- Plasma fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) level is associated with abnormal QTc interval in patients with stable angina and chronic kidney disease.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2019Article
- Hypomagnesemia in critically ill patients.Journal of intensive care · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLow serum magnesium levels may cause fatal ventricular arrhythmias. However, their long-term effects on mortality and morbidity in chronic heart failure patients are relatively unknown.
methodsWe studied 1569 chronic systolic and diastolic heart failure patients with normal sinus rhythm who participated in the Digitalis Investigation Group trial and had serum magnesium data available at one month. Of these, 741 patients had normal (>2 mEq/L) and 828 had low (< or =2 mEq/L) serum magnesium levels. Propensity scores for having low serum magnesium levels were calculated for each patient using a non-parsimonious multivariable logistic regression model, and were used to match 560 (76%) low-magnesium patients with 560 normal-magnesium patients. Effects of low-magnesium on mortality and hospitalization during a mean follow-up of 36 months were assessed using matched Cox regression analyses.
resultsAll-cause mortality occurred in 156 (rate, 915/10,000 person-years) normal- magnesium and 171 (rate, 1034/10,000 person-years) low-magnesium patients, respectively, during 1704 and 1653 years of follow-up (hazard ratio, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 0.97-1.57; p=0.089). Cardiovascular mortality occurred in 110 (rate, 646/10,000 person-years) normal-magnesium and 133 (rate, 805/10,000 person-years) low-magnesium patients (hazard ratio, 1.38, 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.83, p=0.024). Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for all-cause and cardiovascular hospitalizations were respectively 1.18 (0.99-1.42; p=0.068) and 1.14 (0.94-1.39; p=0.182).
conclusionsIn a propensity-matched population of ambulatory chronic heart failure patients who were balanced in all measured baseline covariates, serum magnesium level 2 mEq/L or less was associated with increased cardiovascular mortality, but had no association with cardiovascular hospitalization.
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