ArticleJournal of virology2008
Effector CD4+ T-cell involvement in clearance of infectious herpes simplex virus type 1 from sensory ganglia and spinal cords.
Article in Journal of virology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glycoprotein G enables HSV-2 neuroinvasion and provides protection as a glycosylated vaccine antigen.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- The cell-mediated adaptive immune response to herpes simplex virus type 1 encephalitis: mechanisms and clinical implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The Path Towards Effective Long-Lasting Tissue-Targeted Prime/Pull/Keep Herpes Simplex Therapeutic Vaccines.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Immunological Control of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection: A Non-Thermal Plasma-Based Approach.Viruses · 2025Review
- Immunological Considerations for the Development of an Effective Herpes Vaccine.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- The Dilemma of HSV-1 Oncolytic Virus Delivery: The Method Choice and Hurdles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Crosstalk Between Epithelial Cells, Neurons and Immune Mediators in HSV-1 Skin Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Detection of multiple viruses in oropharyngeal samples from Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) using viral metagenomics.Archives of virology · 2021Article
- Upregulation of Multiple CD8Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2020Article
- Human Epitopes Identified from Herpes Simplex Virus Tegument Protein VP11/12 (UL46) Recall Multifunctional Effector Memory CD4Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Utilization of Galectins by Pathogens for Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Article
- Generation of IL-3-Secreting CD4ImmunoHorizons · 2019Article
- Increased Frequency of Virus Shedding by Herpes Simplex Virus 2-Infected Guinea Pigs in the Absence of CD4Journal of virology · 2019Article
- Effects of spatiotemporal HSV-2 lesion dynamics and antiviral treatment on the risk of HIV-1 acquisition.PLoS computational biology · 2018Article
- Dendritic cells, macrophages, NK and CD8Virology journal · 2017Article
- Viral Spread to Enteric Neurons Links Genital HSV-1 Infection to Toxic Megacolon and Lethality.Cell host & microbe · 2016Article
- Article
- Article
- Adverse effects of low-dose systemic cyclosporine therapy in high-risk penetrating keratoplasty.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In primary infection, CD8(+) T cells are important for clearance of infectious herpes simplex virus (HSV) from sensory ganglia. In this study, evidence of CD4(+) T-cell-mediated clearance of infectious HSV type 1 (HSV-1) from neural tissues was also detected. In immunocompetent mice, HSV-specific CD4(+) T cells were present in sensory ganglia and spinal cords coincident with HSV-1 clearance from these sites and remained detectable at least 8 months postinfection. Neural CD4(+) T cells isolated at the peak of neural infection secreted gamma interferon, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-2 (IL-2), or IL-4 after stimulation with HSV antigen. HSV-1 titers in neural tissues were greatly reduced over time in CD8(+) T-cell-deficient and CD8(+) T-cell-depleted mice, suggesting that CD4(+) T cells could mediate clearance of HSV-1 from neural tissue. To examine possible mechanisms by which CD4(+) T cells resolved neural infection, CD8(+) T cells were depleted from perforin-deficient or FasL-defective mice. Clearance of infectious virus from neural tissues was not significantly different in perforin-deficient or FasL-defective mice compared to wild-type mice. Further, in spinal cords and brains after vaginal HSV-1 challenge of chimeric mice expressing both perforin and Fas or neither perforin nor Fas, virus titers were significantly lower than in control mice. Thus, perforin and Fas were not required for clearance of infectious virus from neural tissues. These results suggest that HSV-specific CD4(+) T cells are one component of a long-term immune cell presence in neural tissues following genital HSV-1 infection and play a role in clearance of infectious HSV-1 at neural sites, possibly via a nonlytic mechanism.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.