ReviewThe Lancet. Neurology2008
Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia in developing countries: prevalence, management, and risk factors.
Review in The Lancet. Neurology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 473 papers, 16 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
473 citing papers in PubMed, 16 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,224 citations in OpenAlex.
- Incidence and prevalence of vascular cognitive impairment in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Stroke and vascular neurology · 2026Pooled it
- A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship between Stroke and Alzheimer's Disease: Therapeutic and Prognostic Implications.Kidney & blood pressure research · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of sarcopenia in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2024Pooled it
- Oral Health as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer Disease.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2024Pooled it
- Quantifying the association between stroke and dementia: a bibliometric study.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Clinical evidence of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Pooled it
- Role of inflammatory markers in the diagnosis of vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.GeroScience · 2022Pooled it
- The economic burden of dementia in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs): a systematic review.BMJ global health · 2022Pooled it
- Impact of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Cognitive Functions: a Systematic Review.Neuropsychology review · 2022Pooled it
- Exercise Training for Mild Cognitive Impairment Adults Older Than 60: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2022Pooled it
- Review of Technology-Supported Multimodal Solutions for People with Dementia.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Systematic Review: Genetic, Neuroimaging, and Fluids Biomarkers for Frontotemporal Dementia Across Latin America Countries.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Pooled it
- The Association Between Impaired Awareness and Depression, Anxiety, and Apathy in Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Health-related quality of life in people with predementia Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment or dementia measured with preference-based instruments: a systematic literature review.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2020Pooled it
- Association Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Its Treatment, and Alzheimer's Disease: Systematic Mini-Review.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2020Pooled it
- Oats Lower Age-Related Systemic Chronic Inflammation (iAge) in Adults at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Plant-mediated green nanoparticles: combining nanometal and biometabolite potential for Alzheimer's treatment.Biomedical engineering online · 2026Review
- EEG-based biomarker for the identification of mild cognitive impairment via coherency analysis and iterative dynamic time warping.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The incidence of dementia in populations around the globe.Current opinion in psychiatry · 2026Review
413 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
16 authors at 12 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Despite mortality due to communicable diseases, poverty, and human conflicts, dementia incidence is destined to increase in the developing world in tandem with the ageing population. Current data from developing countries suggest that age-adjusted dementia prevalence estimates in 65 year olds are high (>or=5%) in certain Asian and Latin American countries, but consistently low (1-3%) in India and sub-Saharan Africa; Alzheimer's disease accounts for 60% whereas vascular dementia accounts for approximately 30% of the prevalence. Early-onset familial forms of dementia with single-gene defects occur in Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Illiteracy remains a risk factor for dementia. The APOE epsilon4 allele does not influence dementia progression in sub-Saharan Africans. Vascular factors, such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes, are likely to increase the burden of dementia. Use of traditional diets and medicinal plant extracts might aid prevention and treatment. Dementia costs in developing countries are estimated to be US$73 billion yearly, but care demands social protection, which seems scarce in these regions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.