ArticleBreast cancer research and treatment2009
Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in primary breast cancers predicts dissemination of cancer cells to the bone marrow.
Article in Breast cancer research and treatment, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Efficacy and Safety of Celecoxib in Addition to Standard Cancer Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2022Pooled it
- Quantification of the Landscape for Revealing the Underlying Mechanism of Intestinal-Type Gastric Cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Metformin suppresses breast cancer growth via inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2.Oncology letters · 2021Article
- The Role of Inflammation in Breast and Prostate Cancer Metastasis to Bone.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Low-dose Aspirin, Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs, Selective COX-2 Inhibitors and Breast Cancer Recurrence.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2016Article
- Effects of letrozole on breast cancer micro-metastatic tumor growth in bone and lung in mice inoculated with murine 4T1 cells.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2016Article
- Impact of cyclooxygenase-2 over-expression on the prognosis of breast cancer patients.Ulusal cerrahi dergisi · 2016Article
- The impact of low-dose carcinogens and environmental disruptors on tissue invasion and metastasis.Carcinogenesis · 2015Review
- Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in non-metastatic triple-negative breast cancer patients.Molecular and clinical oncology · 2014Article
- Bone marrow fat: linking adipocyte-induced inflammation with skeletal metastases.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2014Review
- COX2 expression in high-grade breast cancer: evidence for prognostic significance in the subset of triple-negative breast cancer patients.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2014Article
- Premetastatic soil and prevention of breast cancer brain metastasis.Neuro-oncology · 2013Article
- Elevated transcription of the gene QSOX1 encoding quiescin Q6 sulfhydryl oxidase 1 in breast cancer.PloS one · 2013Article
- Selection of metastatic breast cancer cells based on adaptability of their metabolic state.PloS one · 2012Article
- microRNAs, Gap Junctional Intercellular Communication and Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Breast Cancer Metastasis.Current cancer therapy reviews · 2011Article
- TAK1-TAB2 signaling contributes to bone destruction by breast carcinoma cells.Molecular cancer research : MCR · 2011Article
- Role of COX-2 in tumorospheres derived from a breast cancer cell line.The Journal of surgical research · 2011Article
- Overexpression of COX-2 in celecoxib-resistant breast cancer cell lines.The Journal of surgical research · 2010Article
- DNA damage drives an activin a-dependent induction of cyclooxygenase-2 in premalignant cells and lesions.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2010Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeCyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) plays a role in breast cancer progression at various stages starting from pre-malignant phenotype to clinical metastasis. Breast cancer metastasizes commonly to the bone and preclinical studies suggest an involvement of COX2 in this process. Detection of disseminated tumor cells in the bone marrow of patients at the time of surgery correlates with the subsequent development of clinical bone metastasis. Therefore, to investigate whether COX2 is important for breast cancer metastasis in humans, we analyzed COX2 protein expression by immunostaining of primary tumors from 112 operable stages I, II, or III patients and determined its correlation with bone marrow micrometastasis (BMM).
methodsWe detected COX2 protein in primary tumors by immunostaining with a monoclonal antibody, and tumor cells present in the bone marrow by immunostaining for epithelial cytokeratins and by morphological criteria.
resultsCOX2 expression in primary breast cancer correlated with BMM in a highly statistically significant manner (P = 0.006). Our statistical analyses of correlations of the COX2 positivity in primary tumor with other clinically relevant indicators revealed that COX2 positivity correlates with high nuclear grade (P = 0.0004). Furthermore, we were able to detect COX2 protein in BMM by immunostaining.
conclusionsThese studies indicate that COX2 produced in primary breast cancer cells may be vital to the initial development of BMM that may subsequently lead to osteolytic bone metastases in patients with breast cancer, and that COX2 inhibitors may be useful in halting this process.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.