Evidence map›Paper›PMID 18662274›Full record

ReviewLiver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver2008

Hepatitis E and pregnancy: understanding the pathogenesis.

Udayakumar Navaneethan, Mayar Al Mohajer, Mohamed T Shata

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01062321 (Role of Cytokines in Hepatitis E Virus Infection During Pregnancy), which is not on this map. Cited by 165 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
165citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
9.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01062321 completednot on this mapstarted 2009, after this paper: background citation

Role of Cytokines in Hepatitis E Virus Infection During Pregnancy

TypeobservationalSponsorMaulana Azad Medical CollegeRan2009 to 2012Enrolled491ConditionsHepatitis, Cytokines, Pregnancy
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

165 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 424 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Article
  5. Fatty acid regulation and phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis are important for hepatitis E virus replication.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  6. Traveling with chronic viral hepatitis.Tropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines · 2026
    Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Differential miRNA signatures in Hepatitis E Virus Infection: Insights into acute, chronic, and pregnancy-related outcomes.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Estrogen and viral infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025
    Review
  16. Review
  17. Modeling extrahepatic hepatitis E virus infection in induced human primary neurons.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  18. Hepatitis E virus: from innate sensing to adaptive immune responses.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2024
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

105 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Udayakumar NavaneethanDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA. navaneur@email.uc.edu
Mayar Al Mohajer
Mohamed T Shata
University of Cincinnati Medical Center · USUniversity of Cincinnati · US

Funding

Towards Understanding the Morbidity of HEV InfectionR21AI067868 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI · PI SHATA, MOHAMED TAREK · 2006 to 2007
$400k
NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI067868
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a single-stranded RNA virus that causes large-scale epidemics of acute viral hepatitis, particularly in developing countries. In men and non-pregnant women, the disease is usually self-limited and has a case-fatality rate of less than <0.1%. However, in pregnant women, particularly from certain geographical areas in India, HEV infection is more severe, often leading to fulminant hepatic failure and death in a significant proportion of patients. In contrast, reports from Egypt, Europe and the USA have shown that the course and severity of viral hepatitis during pregnancy is not different from that in non-pregnant women. The reasons for this geographical difference are not clear. The high mortality rate in pregnancy has been thought to be secondary to the associated hormonal (oestrogen and progesterone) changes during pregnancy and consequent immunological changes. These immunological changes include downregulation of the p65 component of nuclear factor (NF-kappaB) with a predominant T-helper type 2 (Th2) bias in the T-cell response along with host susceptibility factors, mediated by human leucocyte antigen expression. Thus far, researchers were unable to explain the high HEV morbidity in pregnancy, why it is different from other hepatitis viruses such as hepatitis A with similar epidemiological features and the reason behind the difference in HEV morbidity in pregnant women in different geographical regions. The recent developments in understanding the immune response to HEV have encouraged us to review the possible mechanisms for these differences. Further research in the immunology of HEV and pregnancy is required to conquer this disease in the near future.

Indexed as

AnimalsFemaleHepatitis EHepatitis E virusHormonesHumansPregnancyPregnancy Complications, InfectiousHormones

Identifiers

PMID18662274
PMCPMC2575020
OpenAlexW1664366728

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.